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Anatomy🧠 > L11: Connective Tissue 1 (alyaa) > Flashcards

L11: Connective Tissue 1 (alyaa) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of CT?

A
  1. They all have mesenchyme as their cell of origin
  2. They have varying degrees of vascularity
  3. They’re made up of non-living material called the extracellular matrix
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2
Q

What is the most abundant Tissue in the Human body?

A

connective tissue

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3
Q

What does the nonliving extracellular matrix consist of?

A

ground substance and fibers

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4
Q

CT have good __________ and _____________ supply

A

Nerve

Blood

(except dont foget that cartilage is avascular and has no nerve supply, those are found in its perichondrium)

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5
Q

What are functions of the CT?

A
  1. Anchors the epithelium to the rest of the body (basement membrane & basal reticularis)
  2. Provides structure (bone)
  3. Stores energy (fat)
  4. Transports materials (blood)
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6
Q

What is the ground substance?

A

Rubbery, Unstructured material that fills the spaces between cells and protects them from the surroundings

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7
Q

What makes up the CT?

A

cells, fibers, ground substance

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8
Q

What are the three types of fibers in connective tissue?

A

collagen, elastic, reticular

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9
Q

What are the cell types in connective tissue?

A
  1. Fibroblasts
  2. Chondroblasts
  3. Osteoblasts
  4. Hematopoietic stem cells
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10
Q

What are the types of connective tissue?

A
  1. CT proper (loose & dense)
  2. Supportive CT: cartilage & bone
  3. Fluid CT: blood
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11
Q

The most abundant cell type in all connective tissue proper?

A

fibroblast

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12
Q

What do fibroblasts secrete?

A

proteins and hyaluronan (cellular cement)

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13
Q

Macrophages

A
  • Large, amoeba-like cells of the immune system
    -Eat pathogens and damaged cells
    -Fixed macrophages stay in tissue
    -Free macrophages migrate
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14
Q

Adipocytes

A
  • Fat cells
  • Each cell stores a fat droplet
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15
Q

mesenchymal cells

A
  • stem cells that respond to injury or infection
  • differentiates into fibroblast, macrophages etc.
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16
Q

Melanocyte

A

Cells that synthesize and store the brown pigment melanin

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17
Q

Mast cells

A

Cells that stimulate inflammation after injury or infection

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18
Q

What do mast cells secrete?

A

heparin and histamine

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19
Q

Basophils

A

Mast cells carried by blood

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20
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Specialized immune cells in the lymphatic system

(Eg: plasma cells which produce antibodies)

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21
Q

microphages

A
  • phagocytic blood cells
  • respond to signals from macrophages and mast cells

(Eg: neutrophils, eosinophils)

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22
Q

What is the most abundant fiber?

A

collagen fiber

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23
Q

Which fiber is most abundant in dense connective tissue?

A

collagen fiber

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24
Q

Characteristics of collagen fibers?

A
  • thick & flexible
  • composed of collagen
  • holds structures together
  • ligaments & tendons
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25
Q

Characteristics of elastic fibers?

A
  • made up of protein elastins that allow them to stretch
  • bundles of microtubules embedded in elastin
  • vocal cords and air passages
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26
Q

Characteristics of reticular fibers?

A

-Short and finer collagenous fibers

  • highly branched
  • form supportive networks
  • Acts as a supporting mesh in soft tissues such as, liver, bone marrow, and the tissues and organs of the lymphatic system
27
Q

What are the sub classes of Cartilage

A
  1. Hyaline cartilage
  2. Fibrocartilage
  3. Elastic Cartilage
28
Q

What are the sub classes of connective tissue proper?

A
  1. Loose connective tissue
    Areolar
    Adipose
    Reticular
  2. Dense connective tissue
    Regular
    Irregular
    Elastic
29
Q

What are the sub classes of bone?

A
  1. Compact bone
  2. Spongy (cancellous) bone
30
Q

Define mesenchyme

A
  1. Irregularly shaped cells
  2. Are in semifluid ground substance with reticular fibers
  3. They give rise to other types of connective tissue
31
Q

Define mucous connective tissue (or wharton’s jelly)?

A

1.Star shaped cells in jelly like ground substance

  1. Contain very few cells or fibers
32
Q

Where would you find mucous connective tissue?

A

Found only in the umbilical cord

33
Q

What is the shape of fibroblast?

A

They are elongated or discoid (shaped like a disc)

34
Q

Fibroblasts remain in close proximity to what?

A

Collagen fibers

35
Q

What are the differences between fibrocytes and fibroblasts?

A
36
Q

What is the difference between loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue?

A

Loose CT:

> ground substances
cells
< fibers

Dense CT:

< ground substances
< cells
> fibers

37
Q

Areolar tissue contains all?…

A

Cell types and the 3 fibers

38
Q

Areolar tissue holds?

A

Blood vessels and capillary beds (eg. under the skin -> subcutaneous layer)

39
Q

What are the cell types in areolar connective tissue?

A

Fibroblasts, plasma cells, macrophages, mast cells, and a few white blood cells

40
Q

In adipose tissue, what are the functions of white fat?

A
  1. Most common
  2. Stores fat
  3. Stores energy
  4. Slows down heat loss (insulation)
  5. Cushions vital organs
41
Q

Where can white adipose be located?

A
  1. CT under the skin (hypodermis)
  2. Buttocks, abdomen, thighs (external)
  3. Omentum, mesentery
42
Q

In adipose tissue, define brown fat?

A
  1. More vascularized
  2. Breaks down fat
  3. Produces heat
43
Q

Which cells develop from a lipoblast?

A
  1. Unilocular adipocyte (white fat)
  2. Multiocular adipocyte (brown fat)
44
Q

Why are the nuclei peripheral in adipocytes?

A

Due to large fat storage droplet

45
Q

Where is adipose tissue found?

A
  1. In the deeper layer of the skin
  2. Organ padding
  3. Yellow marrow
46
Q

What are the functions of adipose tissue?

A
  1. Reduce heat loss
  2. Stores energy
  3. Protection
47
Q

Brown fat found in infants?…..

A

-Has more blood vessels and mitochondria

-Responsible for heat generation

48
Q

Multiocular consists ib shkthr in a newborn?

A

2-5%

49
Q

What is reticular connective tissue?

A

Network of fibers in cells that produce the framework of organs

50
Q

What is dense regular connective tissue?

A

They are collagen fibers in parallel bundles with fibroblasts between bundles of collagen fibers

51
Q

Shlon shakil il dense connective tissue?

A

White, tough, and pliable when unstained (forms tendons)

52
Q

What is dense regular connective tissue also known as?

A

White fibrous connective tissue

53
Q

How is irregular dense connective tissue characterized?

A
  • They have collagen fibers which are irregularly arranged
  • The tissue can resist tension from any direction- They have collagen fibers which are irregularly arranged
  • The tissue can resist tension from any direction
54
Q

Where can you find dense CT irregular?

A

In the white of the eyeball and the dermis of the skin

55
Q

How are the fibers arranged in dense connective tissue irregular?

A

Fibers are haphazardly arranged

56
Q

What are the characteristics of the Elastic connective tissue?

A
  1. It has branching elastic fibers and fibroblasts
  2. It can stretch and still return to original shape
57
Q

Where can you find elastic connective tissue?

A

walls of large arteries, lung tissue, vocal cords, ligament between vertebrae

58
Q

what do you call the fibers in the aorta?

A

elastic lamellae

59
Q

in dense elastic, what are the fiber types found and what are they for?

A

Elastin (for elasticity)

Collagen (for strength)

60
Q

Why is ground substance in the CT flexible?

A

Bc it’s made up of starch and proteins mixed with water

61
Q

What is heparin?

A

An anticoagulant released by mast cells

62
Q

Compare white and brown adipose tissue?

A

White fat:
- most common
- stores fat
- slows heat loss (insulation)

Brown fat:
- more vascularized
- breaks down fat
- produces heat

63
Q

Which type of adipose tissue is more vascularized?

A

Brown fat

64
Q

Which type of adipose tissue is more common?

A

White fat

Anatomy🧠 (10 decks)

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