L12 - Laws, Theories and Controls

Question 1

what is The Species-Area relationship

Answer 1

the number of species in a patch increases with increasing area. applies to Island Biogeography.
- Non-linear curve

Question 2

What is the Theory of island Biogeography?

Answer 2

the Number of species on an island is a function of island size and isolation

Question 3

what is the theory of island biogeography used for?

Answer 3

Estimating Immigration and extinction rates based on number of species in that community

Question 4

what does the mainland community represent in the Theory of island Biogeography?

Answer 4

Acts as the source pool of species
p = # of species in community

Question 5

what decreases on an island when more species successfully colonize?

Answer 5

Immigration rate

Question 6

when is immigration rate at its max according to the TOIB

Answer 6

occurs when the island is empty

Question 7

what is the relationship between immigration rate and # of colonized species

Answer 7

They are linear function of each other

Question 8

do larger island have a higher or lower extinction rates and species diversity

Answer 8

lower extinction and higher species at equilibrium

Question 9

what is the relationship between frequency of highly abundant species?

Answer 9

few species are highly abundant most are rare.

Question 10

where else is island biogeography applicable?

Answer 10

mountain settings or habitat fragmentations

Question 11

what is Simpsons index of Diversity

Answer 11

uses the sum of proportional abundance (ni/N)

Question 12

what is Bottom up control

Answer 12

abundance of populations is limited by food availability, Bottom trophic level

Question 13

what is top down control?

Answer 13

When community structure is controlled by higher trophic levels (consumers and predators)

Question 14

what is a key stone species

Answer 14

a species that has a disproportionately large role in the community in proportion to species abundance.

Question 15

what is trophic cascade?

Answer 15

change in one trophic level has impacts on multiple trophic levels

Question 16

what is a keystone resource?

Answer 16

resources required by a large number of species.

Question 17

what are Keystone Modifiers?

Answer 17

species that create habitat that create habitat by modifying ecosystems.

Question 18

what are cultural Keystones?

Answer 18

culturally salient species that shape the cultural identity of people

Question 19

what is the most important: top-down, Bottom-up, or middle-out controls

Answer 19

trick question
- They vary in importance based on specific ecosystems

Question 20

what is trophic rewilding?

Answer 20

species introduction intended to restore top-down ecosystem control.
initiates trophic cascade to promote diversity