L12 Flashcards
true or false, both mitochondria and chloroplast generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation or photsynthesis
true
true or false, the largest amount of DNA is found in eukaryotes in their nuclear chromosome
true
which is bigger, the chloroplast or the mitochondria
chloroplast
what does endosymbiosis mean
refers to a cell living inside another cell, called the host
what does the endosymbiotic theory propose
that the mitochondria and chloroplast in eukaryotic cells arose from eubacteria
what are some evidences for the endosymbiotic theory
- double membrane
- ribosomes are more similar to prokaryote ribosomes
- replicate by splitting process that is similar to certain prokaryotes
- mitochondria and chloroplasts are similar in size to eubacteria and have their own DNA which is not associated with histones or other proteins
true or false, the mitochondria and chloroplast DNA is inherited independently of the nuclear genome
true
what do you call the mitochondria DNA and the chloroplast DNA respectively
mtDNA and cpDNA; the DNA is sometimes packed into sub organellar structures called nucleoids
what shape are mitochondria and chloroplast DNA
circular, not highly condensed
true or false, the mitochondrial genome in most species varies between 15000 bp and 65 000 bp
true
true or false, the mtDNA is inherited from your mother
true
desrcibe the human mtDNA
is a circular molecule
encodes for 2 rRNA
22 tRNAs
13 proteins
true or false, the mtDNA base pair have different composition: the heavy strand has more guanine and the light strand has more cytosine
true
what do you call the origin of replication for the heavy strand in mtDNA
d-loop
true or false, the human mtDNA has no introns, highly economic in its organisation, few non coding nucleotides between genes and all mRNAs are translated
true
true or false, the yeast mtDNA is much bigger than the human mtDNA
true
how does the yeast mtDNA differ from the human mtDNA
due to the yeast mtDNA six extra genes
true or false, most extra DNA in yeast consists of introns and non coding sequences
true
what form of inheritance do the chloroplast and mitochondria exhibit
uniparental inheritance
true or false, male inheritance of organelles is common in gymnosperms and in a few angiosperms
true
true or false, in animals the mtDNA is inherited almost exclusively from the female parent
true; this is because only the nuclei of the sperm penetrate the egg
what causes variegated leaves
caused by mutation in the cpDNA
what is heteroplasmy
cells can be a mixture of mutant and normal organelles
how does cytoplasmic segregation occur
when the two types approportion themselves in different daughter cells; the process results from chance partitioning in the course of cell division
what is the cause of white leaves in plants
a mutation in chloroplast genes which control the green pigment chlorophyll
true or false, eggs from a variegated plant can be heteroplasmic and can therefore produce another variegated plant
true
