L11 Flashcards
what does the term sex refer to
the phenotype of the individual
what you call the mechanism in which sex is determined
sex determination
how is sex determined, what are the 3 ways
chromosomally, genetically, or environmentally
true or false, in many organisms sex is determined by a pair of chromosomes, the sex chromosomes, which differ between males and females
true
true or false, some organisms it is the genes located on the sex chromosome which determines that organisms’ sex
true
what are the 5 types of sex determining mechanisms
XX - XO (male X) common in insects
XX-XY (male XY) common in humans
ZZ-ZW (male ZZ) common in avians
genic sex determination
environmental sex determination
what is the sex chromosome combination of a person with Klinefelters
XXY
what is the sex chromosome combination of a person with Turners Syndrome
XO
which syndromes led to the identification of the Y chromosome carrying the genetic information for maleness
Turner’s and Klinefelters
true or false, the male sex chromosome is smaller than the female X chromosome
true
true or false, primary pseudoautosomal region, is on the short arm of the chromosome and where they are homologous in sequence
true
true or false, secondary pseudoautosomal region, is on the long arm, allows crossing over and pairing at those regions of the two chromosomes
true
what do you call the factor that is responsible for initiating testis formation present on the Y chromosome
testis determining factor TDF
what do you call the male sex determining gene
SRY ( sex determining region Y)
true or false, the SRY gene is a transcription factor
true
what does the SRY gene encode for
the protein which binds to DNA and stimulate the transcription of other genes that promote the development of the testes
true or false, AIS is an X linked gene
true
what do you call the genes which encode for 60% similarity to SRY
SOX genes
true or false, the SOX-9 gene is highly conserved throughout the vertebrate groups
true
true or false, SOX-9 is at low levels in male and female genital ridge but is then up regulated in males and turned off in female gonads
true
true or false, SOX-9 cooperates with the other genes to activate the expression of Anit-Mullerian hormone (AMH)
true
true or false, SOX-9 is a transcirption factor which is the master regulator of Sertoli cell differentiation
true
what happens when DMNT1 is turned off in males
the males will turn back into females
what is the normal function of DMNT1, blocks the activity of female genes, enhancing male genes activity
true
what is dosage compensation
equalizes the amount of protein produced by the X chromosome; since protein concentration plays an important role in development
