L11 - Lipids

Question 1

Lipids

Answer 1

Diverse group of naturally occurring molecules that are soluble in non-polar organic solvents

Question 2

What are Fatty Acids?

Answer 2

Simple lipids that are building blocks for complex lipids

Question 3

Fatty Acids as a source of Energy:

Answer 3

Heart and Skeletal muscles prefer to glucose
Lots of ATP when oxidised

Question 4

Amphipathic

Answer 4

Two different chemical characteristics

Question 5

Variation in Chain length

Answer 5

Usually even numbers of Carbons

Question 6

Types of saturation

Answer 6

Saturated
Monounsaturated
Polyunsaturated

Question 7

Saturated Nomenclature

Answer 7

-Anoic

Question 8

Unsaturated Nomenclature

Answer 8

-Enoic, -Dienoic, -Trienoic…

Question 9

Essential Fatty Acids

Answer 9

Unsaturated fatty acids that animals cannot synthesise but needed to synthesise others

Question 10

Why can animals not synthesise EFAs

Answer 10

Do not have the enzyme to insert double bonds after Carbon 9

Question 11

Symptoms of EFA deficiency

Answer 11

Skin conditions e.g. eczema

Question 12

Supplements for EFA

Answer 12

Omega-3 and Omega-6
Plants
Fish oils

Question 13

Complex Lipids

Answer 13

Neutral Lipids
Polar Lipids

Question 14

Tryglycerides

Answer 14

Triesters of glycerol
Efficient store, major source of biochemical energy

Question 15

Vegetable oils vs Animal fats

Answer 15

Vegetable oils mostly unsaturated
Animal fats more saturation

Question 16

Hydrogenation advantages

Answer 16

Cheaper than animal fats
Wide range of consistencies
Desirable characteristics

Question 17

Hydrogenation disadvantages

Answer 17

Incomplete saturation can produce trans fats
- Cardiovascular diseases

Question 18

Polar Lipids

Answer 18

Sphingolipids
Glycerolipids
Glycosylglycerides

Question 19

Glycerolipids

Answer 19

Glycerol + 2FA + phosphate
Another group added to phosphate:
H, Choline, Ethanolamine, Serine, Inositol