L10 - Carbohydrates II

Question 1

Glycosidic Bonds

Answer 1

Condensation reaction between an anomeric carbon and hydroxyl group

Question 2

Reducing Sugars

Answer 2

Sugars with free aldehyde or ketone groups
In solution, open chain forms can reduce ions e.g. Cu2+ and Cu+

Question 3

Reducing end

Answer 3

Anomeric of one monosaccharide not linked so sugar can mutarotate

Question 4

Non-reducing end

Answer 4

Anomeric of one end is linked so sugar cannot mutarotate

Question 5

Do carbohydrates have direction?

Answer 5

Yes

Question 6

What enzymes join sugars?

Answer 6

Glycosyltransferases

Question 7

Where does Glycolysis take place?

Answer 7

Cytosol

Question 8

Steps of Glycolysis

Answer 8

Glucose + 2 x ATP
2 x 3C molecules
2 x (Pyruvate + 2 x ATP)

Question 9

Where does the Link Reaction take place?

Answer 9

Mitochondrial Matrix

Question 10

Link reaction

Answer 10

Pyruvate + CoenzymeA –> Acetyl CoA

Question 11

Krebs Cycle products

Answer 11

3 x NADH
1 x FADH2
1 x ATP (GTP)

Question 12

Krebs Cycle Reactions

Answer 12

Acetyl CoA + Oxaloacetate –> Citrate + CoA
7 reactions return to Oxaloacetate