L10 - Child Development in Social Context Flashcards
1
Q
How is the child is a social being?
A
- Treat the child not as an isolated entity but as a social being, formed by and forming part of a network of relationships which are crucial to its integrity
- We do not think about children in their day to day life when we study them
2
Q
What are social contexts in which a child develops?
A
- Family
- Peer groups
- School
- Hospital, childcare settings
- Neighbourhoods
3
Q
What is the bioecological model?
A
- Child as developing within a complex system of relationships
- Env is a series of nested structures
- Complex set of relations exist between the developing person and the persons developmental setting
- Whole is greater than sum of its component parts
4
Q
What characteristics are in the centre? (the child)
A
- Genes
- Sex
- Gender
- Age
- Appearance
- Temperament
- Intelligence
- Motivation
- How they interact with env and how env interacts with them
5
Q
What is the microsystem?
A
- Immediate layer
- Activites, roles, relationships child participates in directly in particualr setting inc parents
- More complex over time as child becomes more active and interactive
- Relationships are bidirectional e.g parent to child, child to parent
- Negative: hostile parenting, peer rejection, sibling antagonism, poor teaching practices
- Positive: Supportive parenting, positive sibling and peer relations, effective teachers
6
Q
What is the mesosystem?
A
- Connections among microsystem elements
- e.g parents and siblings
- Adaptive connections theorised to foster child well-being
7
Q
What is the exosystem?
A
- Indirect effects
- e.g parent’s work, neighbourhoods etc.
- Can be very strong - doesn’t interact with directly
8
Q
What is the Macrosystem?
A
- Embedded in values, customs and laws of wider society in which child exists
e.g general culture, social class, ideologies
9
Q
What is the Chronosystem?
A
- Societies change over time with implications for child development = child development should be viewed in a temporal context e.g exposure to social media
- Children change over time = more active in shaping development
10
Q
What is Bronfenbrenner’s self criticism?
A
Too much context, not role of person in their own life
11
Q
What is the process part of the Process-Person-Context-Time model?
A
- Development takes place through reciprocal interactions between the individual and their immediate external env e.g baby and parent smiling
- Interactions become complex and occur over extended periods of time
- Enduring forms of interaction are called proximal processes
12
Q
What is the person part of the Process-Person-Context-Time model?
A
- What personal characteristics an individual beings with them into social situations
- Demand characteristics: age, gender, physical appearance
- Resource characteristics: mental and emotional resources, past experiences, skills, social and material resources
- Force characteristics: temperament, motivation, persistence
13
Q
What is the time part of the Process-Person-Context-Time model?
A
- Micro-time: what occurs during the course of an interaction or activity
- Meso-time: how consistent are those activities or interactions
- Macro-time: The Chronosystem: Processes vary according to historical events occurring as the developing individual is at one age or another
14
Q
Caveats of the PPCT model:
A
- Struggle to test PPCT models with traditional approaches in psychological: difficult to accommodate
- 25 papers published between 2001 and 2009 claiming to test theory, only 4 used updated theory and adequately tested it
15
Q
How is ecological perspective useful to us? (A good model)
A
- Useful way of thinking about child development
- No assumption of universality of ecological system - each is dynamic and there is variation across world
- Relations are not just linear
- Systems are more complex
