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Fundamentals of Pharmacology > L1: What is pharmacology? > Flashcards

L1: What is pharmacology? Flashcards

intro to the module

1
Q

What is pharmacology?

A

Science of drugs & their effect on the body

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2
Q

What is therapeutics?

A

Medicinal use of drugs to treat the symptoms of disease

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3
Q

What is pharmacy?

A

How drugs are formulated & dispensed for uses as medicine

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4
Q

What is toxicology?

A

Branch of pharmacology that focuses on the harmful effects of chemicals

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5
Q

What is a drug?

A

A defined chemical structure, which, when administered to a living organism, produces a biological effect

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6
Q

What molecules are drugs?

A

Exogenous molecules

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7
Q

How do drugs produce their effects?

A

Drugs mimic/block the actions of endogenous molecules

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8
Q

What are exogenous molecules?

A

Molecules that originate from outside an organism

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9
Q

What are endogenous molecules?

A

Molecules originating from within an organism

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10
Q

What can drugs bind to?

A

Receptors, enzymes, ion channels, carrier/transport molecules

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11
Q

How are drugs named?

A

Drugs usually have 3 names

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12
Q

How are drugs categorised?

A

By therapeutic use & mechanism

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13
Q

What is the scientific term when small drug molecules bind to large target proteins?

A

Ligands

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14
Q

What does in silico mean?

A

On computer

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15
Q

How is drug determined to ‘fit’ into its binding site?

A

By size & flexibility of the drug

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16
Q

How is drug determined to bind to its target protein?

A

Nature of chemical bonds that form between drug molecule & binding site

17
Q

How do drugs (ligands) bind to the target protein?

A

REVERSIBLY through hydrophobic & hydrogen bonds + van der Waals interactions

18
Q

Why are irreversibly binding harmful?

A

When toxin molecule binds to target, it will never function again as covalent bonds change the function

19
Q

What interactions do drugs bind irreversibly through?

A

Covalent interactions

20
Q

What is formed by a ligand binds to a target protein?

A

Ligand-protein complex

21
Q

How is the ability of a drug to bind in a precise way described?

A

Specificity

22
Q

What is selectivity?

A

The ability of the receptor to distinguish between drugs, only has 1 effect on the body

23
Q

What is specificity?

A

The ability of a drug to interact with only a specific target?

24
Q

Why is is difficult to be very specific?

A

Lots of cells in our body share the same molecular target

25
Q

How does a drug only work on specificity?

A

Identify the molecular target, and find a drug that will bind to the high degree of specificity of that target

26
Q

What is pharmacokinetics?

A

Effect the body has on the drug

27
Q

What is pharmacodynamics?

A

Effect drug has on the body

28
Q

How is a drug effectiveness determined in the PK/PD studies?

A

When PK & PD are considered together

29
Q

ADME

A

A- Absorption
D- Distribution
M- Metabolism
E- Excretion

30
Q

What is absorption?

A

Determined how much & how quickly the drug enters the blood plasma

31
Q

How is absorption influenced when a drug enters the body?

A

By its chemical properties

32
Q

What is an enteric coating on a drug

A

Protects the drug from acidic environment

33
Q

What is distribution?

A

Where the drug goes after it has been absorbed

34
Q

How is the ability of a drug to dissolve in plasma/ECF determined by?

A

Water solubility

35
Q

What is the blood brain barrier (BBB)?

A

Natural protective membrane that protects CNS from toxins & pathogens in blood

36
Q

What is volume of distribution?

A

How well the drug leaves the blood & enters the tissue

37
Q

What is metabolism & excretion?

A

Determine how long the effects of the drug last

38
Q

What does the term clearance mean?

A

How quick the drug is removed

Fundamentals of Pharmacology (11 decks)

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