L1 - qualitative: general

Question 1

difference knowlegde / belief / claim

Answer 1

• Knowledge = a claim is accepted because proof of truth or warrant is given
• Belief/Faith = a claim is accepted without proof or warrant; yet high strength of conviction
• Opinion = personal point of view, varies in conviction

Question 2

Rigor vs relevant research

Answer 2

•Rigorous:
Scientific
Valid + reliable
Peer review
Academic peer review
Published journals

•Relevant:
Business practitioners
Consulting report / industry magazines

Question 3

examples Quantitative vs qualitative research

Answer 3

•Quantitative
Numbers
Generalize larger population: trends, patterns

Surveys
Laboratory experiments
Mathematical modeling (translate problem into formulation)
Structured equation modeling SEM (combination mathematic models, algorithms and statistic methods)
Statistical analysis (collecting data and uncovering patterns and trends)
Econometrics (statistical analysis of actual economic data)

•Qualitative
Text
Topic in-depth

Action research (methodology: plan, act, observe, reflect)
case study (detailed study: person, group, place, event, organization, phenomenon)
ethnography  (habits, customs, cultures)
grounded theory (systematic methodology)
discourse analysis (language)
Hermeneutics (theory and methodology of interpretation)
narrative and metaphor (insights how interpret social words)
>experiences, understandings, meanings

Question 4

Why qualitative research (3)

Answer 4

• Understand people, what they say, what they do
• Understand context where actions take place
• Find out what people think

Question 5

Contributions of qualitative research Patton (2015) > 7

Answer 5

1. Illuminate meaning > meaning of things + understanding world
2. How do things work > teams, start-ups, boards, organizations, initiatives etc.
3. People their stories, perspectives, experiences
4. How do systems work > + consequences on lives
5. How and why context matters > political, relational, organizational, historical, societal
6. Identify unintended consequences
7. Case comparisons > discover patterns + themes

Question 6

difference

Research topic:
research problem:
Purpose:
Research questions:

Answer 6

Research topic: broad subject
research problem: educational issue / problem
Purpose statement: objective
Research questions: answered within study

General > specific

Question 7

How justify importance research problem?

Answer 7

• References other researchers
• Personal workplace experiences
  Experiences of other people in workplace

Question 8

“so what” test

Answer 8

Topic: I am studying X
Question: because I want to answer Y
Significance: in order to help solve real world problem Z

Question 9

How make qualitative RQs > 3

Answer 9

Coherence

1) Use active verbs: understanding, exploring, interpreting, constructing, explaining
Ø Structure: what + who + when

2) Use relevant nouns: experiences, feelings, views, perspectives, knowledge
Ø Structure: where + what 

3) Methodology: case study, grounded theory, action research, exploratory research Structure: how + why

Question 10

Non-rigorous RQs

Answer 10

• Presumptions
• Yes/no answers
• Answers don’t provide new knowledge
• Too broad
• Too narrow

Question 11

types Qualitative RQs > 3/2

Answer 11

What why how when

INCLUDED
Descriptive: what happened
Interpretive: meaning to those involved
Theoretical: why did it happen

EXCLUDED
Generalization: not big enough samples
Evaluation: imposes values on people

Question 12

Paper 1: generating research questions through problematization

> Focus

Answer 12

1) develop typology of assumptions that can be problematized in existing theories
2) propose methodological principles how it can be done

Question 13

Paper 1: generating research questions through problematization

> Construct RQ from existing literature

Answer 13

Spotting/constructing gaps in existing theories

1) cite + draw connections between works and investigate streams not typically cited together > suggests undeveloped research area
2) negotiations between researchers, editors, reviewers about what is lacking

Question 14

Paper 1: generating research questions through problematization

> motivation

Answer 14

• Review literature
• Reflect why finding + filling gap is important
• Gap finding rhetoric

Question 15

Paper 1: generating research questions through problematization

> Problematization as methodology (Iterative process)

Answer 15

1. Identifying a domain
   Ø In-depth reading of literature covered
2. Identify and Articulate assumptions
   Ø In-depth reading
   Ø Critical reflection
   Ø Support from theorical (out of field) stances
3. Evaluating Articulated assumptions
   Ø Asses assumptions: significance + timing
4. Develop alternative assumptions
   Ø Reformulate assumptions: new RQ + no predefined answers + unexpected / novel findings
5. Relation to audience
   Ø Identify audience
6. Evaluate the alternative assumptions
   Significance + relevance + contribution

Question 16

meaning Iterative

Answer 16

= frequently = continuously

≠ linear