L1 - intro to mirco

Question 1

who thought of spontaneous generation?

Answer 1

lucretius + aristotle.

Question 2

what did redi, needham + spallanzani find?

Answer 2

cheesecloth =/= maggots; boiled broth is turbid, sealed then boiled is not turbid

Question 3

pasteur?

Answer 3

ID’d cause + effect of microorganisms. discovered fermentation, nature of disease + dispproved spon. gen.

Question 4

describe pasteur experiment

Answer 4

goodeneck flask extended w flame to have peak and trough. boiled broth in flask, open to air. steam kep bacteria in trough of flask. when broth in contact w trough = turbid.

Question 5

what did Robert Koch do?

Answer 5

isolate pure bacterial culture, prove cause of disease+ found cause of TB

Question 6

Koch’s postulates?

Answer 6

1. suspected pathogen in diseased, not found in health.
2. pathogen grown in pure culture (isolated)
3. pur culture induce disease in healthy animal.
4. suspected pathogen re-isolated after animal death.

Question 7

limitations of koch’s hypothesis

Answer 7

pure culture : some grow in complex habitats, may not grow in simple agar.
if slow to grow, fail
no growth on selected media

Question 8

pure culture isolation initially by?

Answer 8

petri

Question 9

jenner + cohn

Answer 9

smallpox; described spore formation, also bacteriology = cells differentiate and survive diff conditions

Question 10

serge + martinus

Answer 10

chemolithotrophy + autotrophy.

Martinus: enrichment culture method + virus

Question 11

fleming

Answer 11

penicillin. first antibiotic. serendipitous

Question 12

waksman + schatz

Answer 12

streptomysin in soil = most of the antibiotics we use

Question 13

brock

Answer 13

found Taq polymerase from bacteria. made PCR easier bc heat proof

Question 14

woese + fox

Answer 14

discovered Archaea

Question 15

venter + smith

Answer 15

completed sequence of bacterial genome

Question 16

cyanobacteria + o2

Answer 16

first chloroplast formed = photosynthesis produced O2 => increased atmospheric O2

Question 17

function of bacteria

Answer 17

disease; agriculture; food; energyl biotechnology