L1 Human nervous system

Question 1

Individuals with one or two copies of the short allele of the 5-HTT promoter exhibited more depressive symptoms or less depressive symptoms?

Answer 1

More depressive disorder

Question 2

Sympathetic nervous system stimulates what organs while inhibits what other organs?

Answer 2

stimulates heart
inhibits stomach and intestines

Question 3

What are the two part of vagus nerve (cranial nerve X)?

Answer 3

Sensory part and motor part

Question 4

The sensory part of vagus nerve provides sensation to what parts of our body ?

Answer 4

(1) The outer part of the ear, throat, heart, and abdominal organs
(2) taste sensation

Question 5

The motor part provides movement to what parts of our body?

Answer 5

throat and soft palate

Question 6

Which organ in our body produces oxytocin and vasopressin?

Answer 6

Hypothalamus

Question 7

After hypothalamus produces oxytocin and vasopressin, it then travels down to where and are released into the blood

Answer 7

Axons to the posterior pituitary

Question 8

Give the description of tract or projection

Answer 8

A set of axons within the CNS

Question 9

What does fibers project from A onto B means?

Answer 9

Axons extend from cell bodies in structure A to synapse onto B

Question 10

What are the three-dimensional plane of cut of the brain?

Answer 10

Horizontal, Sagittal, and Coronal

Question 11

What is the rounded raised part on the surface of the brain called?

Answer 11

Gyrus

Question 12

What is the fold or groove that separates one gyrus from another called?

Answer 12

Sulcus

Question 13

What is a long, deep sulcus called?

Answer 13

Fissure

Question 14

Brodmann areas is divided based on what?

Answer 14

Cytoarchitectural organization (a standardized pattern of layers) superimposed on gyral and sulcal anatomy
*: Not dived based on function! It is just in many cases these areas also differ in function

Question 15

Which area of the Brodmann area is corresponds to primary motor cortex?

Answer 15

Area 4

Question 16

Which area of the Brodmann area is corresponds to primary visual cortex?

Answer 16

Area 7

Question 17

What (is the sulcus called that) divides Frontal lobe and Parietal lobe?

Answer 17

Central sulcus

Question 18

What (is the fissure called that) divides Temporal lobe and Frontal lobe?

Answer 18

Lateral (Sylvian) fissure

Question 19

Which subcortical structure controls voluntary movements, habitual behaviors, and emotions.

Answer 19

Basal Ganglia

Question 20

The location of the basal ganglia—- underneath the cerebral cortex but on top of the brainstem—- reflects its role as what?

Answer 20

As intermediary between our higher thoughts, our sensations and our reflexes

Question 21

Which subcortical structure works with your hippocampus to create long-term memories of specific and often emotional events (aka episodic memory)?

Answer 21

Amygdala

Question 22

What are the two types of brain connectivity?

Answer 22

Structural connectivity and functional connectivity

Question 23

Give the definition of structural connectivity

Answer 23

Anatomical connection of the white matter of the brain

Question 24

Give the definition of functional connectivity

Answer 24

Patterns of statistical dependence between distinct regions

Question 25

How can functional connectivity be assessed?

Answer 25

correlations across individual BOLD time points during resting condition (although they can be measured during tasks too)

Question 26

What does BOLD stands for?

Answer 26

Blood Oxygen Level Dependent

Question 28

Under what condition, the Default Mode Network (DMN) is measured?

Answer 28

not doing cognitive-demanding task, mostly related to our brain activity at rest

Question 29

How can DMN be measured? Where the seed is planted?

Answer 29

posterior cingulate cortex
hippocampus

Question 30

What kind of activity does DMN support?

Answer 30

self-referential tasks

Question 31

Dorsal Attention Network (DAN) function?

Answer 31

externally attentional tasks

Question 32

When do we use Executive Control Network (ECN)?

Answer 32

maintain & manipulates working memory
decision-making tasks & problem solving when pursuing a goal

Question 33

When do we use Salience Network (SN)?

Answer 33

Identify biologically & cognitively relevant events to guide flexible behavior