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BMS2002 > L09 > Flashcards

L09 Flashcards

1
Q

which tissue types interact with the basal lamina

A

epithelial, muscle, and nervous

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2
Q

what is ECM involved in

A

providing support and strength

cellular communication

cell migration, polarity and shape

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3
Q

what ECM is involved in providing strength

A

basal lamina

bone/cartilage

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4
Q

what signaling molecules travel through the ECM

A

hormones

growth factors

cytokines

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5
Q

what processes require ECM cell migration, polarity and shape

A

embryonic development

angiogenesis

wound repair

tumour development

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6
Q

what are the features of the basal lamina

A

very thin layer of ECM produced by cells above and below

evolutionary conserved

essential for maintaining epithelial tissues

composed of laminin, type IV, XVIII collagen, nidogen, perlecan fibronectin

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7
Q

what are the features of the connective tissue

A

have reduced cellular content, (cell-cell contact is rare)
with increased ECM content, compared to epithelial, muscle and nervous tissue.

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8
Q

what is the main stress-bearing component of connective tissue

A

ECM

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9
Q

what type of cells are found in the connective tissue

A

indigenous and immigrants

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10
Q

give examples for indigenous cells

A

primitive mesenchymal cells:

  • undifferentiated cells that can lead to the generation of other connective tissue cells, fat cells (adipocytes), mast cells (release histamine), and fibroblasts (found in many connective tissues and synthesize most of the molecules found in the ECM)

specialized cells (adipocytes, mast cells, chondrocytes, osteoblasts):

  • found in specialized connective tissues (e.g. cartilage, bone)
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11
Q

give an example for immigrant cells

A

immune cell

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12
Q

what is the composition of connective tissue ECM

A

similar content in most tissues but ratios and organization varies

  1. high MW, highly charged polysaccharides (glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) covalently attached to proteins (proteoglycans) bind lots of water
  2. fibrous proteins (members of collagen family)
  3. glycoproteins (not part of collagen family) e.g. elastins, fibronectins
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13
Q

Some specialized forms of connective tissue ECM become calcified or become transparent

A

True

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14
Q

give examples of calcified ECM in connective tissue

A

Bone and teeth

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15
Q

give an example of transparent ECM in connective tissue

A

Cornea

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16
Q

what are the features of GAGs

A

most anionic molecules produced by animals

consist of repeating sulphated disaccharide units

are often linked to a core protein to form proteoglycans (PG)

17
Q

what are amino sulphated sugars called

A

N-acetylglucosamines

18
Q

what are sulphated sugars called

A

glucuronic acids

19
Q

give an example of a simple PG

A

decorin

20
Q

what are the features of decorin

A

small, single GAG chain, MW 40 KDa

21
Q

give an example of a complex PG

A

aggrecan

22
Q

what are the features of aggrecan

A

large, 100 GAG chains,

MW 3,000 KDa,

main component of cartilage

23
Q

what are the features of fibrous proteins

A

members of collagen family

most abundant proteins in mammals

long, stiff, triple stranded helical structure

provides tensile (pulling) strength of tissues

24
Q

what are the features of the collagen family of proteins

A

synthesized by indigenous ECM cells (e.g. fibroblasts)

40 different types encoded by different genes

3 polypeptides (a chains; rich in proline/glycine) form a coil

different a chain combinations lead to different types of collagen (Type I- XVIII) found in differing connective tissues

e.g. type II, IX found in cartilage type XVIII is found in the basal lamina

25
Q

describe the structure of collagen

A

3 polypeptides (alpha chains; rich in proline/glycine) form a coil, which can then self-agregrate into fibrils and then fibers

26
Q

what does procollagen do

A

prevents aggregation inside cells

27
Q

collagen is made as procollagen in the cells then released. enzymes chop off the ends allowing it to aggregate

A

True

28
Q

what other glycoproteins are there in the ECM

A

elastins

fibronectins

29
Q

what are the features of elastins

A

provide elasticity to connective tissues (similar
in structure to collagen)

dominant component of ECM found in arteries

30
Q

what are the features of fibronectins

A

bind other matrix/cell membrane proteins

organize matrix and provide cell-matrix link

31
Q

what receptor proteins bind to the basal lamina

A

integrins

32
Q

what are the features of integrins

A

24 different integrins

alpha and beta chain with large N terminal domain

have short intracellular domain that binds adapters
– similar to those seen with cadherins

33
Q

Integrins allow ECM to interact with
cytoskeleton providing strength. what adapter molecule binds integrins with actin filaments

A

talin

34
Q

give an example of how integrins can indirectly bind to collagen fibrils in the ECM

A

through fibronectin

35
Q

Integrins exist in inactive/active conformation

A

true

36
Q

Why do integrins need an “inactive”
conformation?

A

many cells in connective tissue are not stationary and migrate through ECM

use integrins to “pull” themselves through the ECM

cell-ECM contacts therefore need to be made and broken

37
Q

what is the function of integrins

A

providing cell-ECM contact
for strength

mediate signaling

38
Q

how do integrins mediate signaling

A

via recruitment of focal adhesion
kinase (FAK)

leads to altered gene expression
(e.g. for ECM homeostasis)

BMS2002 (14 decks)

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