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BMS2002 > L08 > Flashcards

L08 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the types of animal tissue

A

epithelial
muscular
nervous
connective

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2
Q

what features do epithelial muscular and nervous tissues share

A

similar structure/make up

(high frequency of cell/cell contact

with limited cell/ECM contact)

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3
Q

what are the features of connective tissue

A

lower frequency of cell/cell contact

with higher frequency of cell/ECM contact

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4
Q

give examples for epithelial tissues

A

lining of gut or epidermal layer of skin

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5
Q

how are epithelial cells directly connected

A

thro cell junctions

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6
Q

what transmits mechanical forces from a cell to another

A

via cytoskeletal filaments

(actin/intermediate filaments)

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7
Q

what is the basal lamina

A

a thin layer of connective tissue comprising mostly of ECM that epithelial cells attach to

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8
Q

why are epithelial cells asymetrical/polarized

A

they have proteins at the basal end (connected to the basal lamina)

the apical end does not have these proteins

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9
Q

what are the types of epithelial tissues

A

columnar

cuboidal

squamous

stratified

(check slide 16 for the pictures)

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10
Q

how are epithelial cells indirectly connected

A

via ECM

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11
Q

what proteins are involved in epithelial cells contacting

A

intracellular adaptor proteins

transmembrane adhesion proteins

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12
Q

what are intracellular adaptor proteins attached to

A

cytoskeletal filaments

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13
Q

Name three reasons why cells form tissues

A

specialization and Division of Labor

Structural Integrity and Support

Intercellular Communication and Coordination

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14
Q

Name a specialized connective tissue

A

bone

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15
Q

what are the types of cell junctions found in epithelial (+ muscle + nervous) tissues

A

Adherens junctions: cadherin

Desmosomes

Tight junctions

Gap junctions

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16
Q

how are cadherin junctions maintained

A

via a cadherin molecule from each cell

17
Q

what are cadherin molecules attached to

A

another cadherin (extracellular)

a linker protein (intracellular)

18
Q

cadherin superfamily are Ca2+ dependent molecules

A

true

19
Q

what are the classical members of the cadherin superfamily of Ca2+ dependent molecules

A

E-cadherin, N-cadherin, P-cadherin

20
Q

cadherin binding is homophobic

A

FALSE

21
Q

cadherin binding is Ca2+ dependent

A

TRUE

22
Q

what does Ca 2+ binding do to cadherin molecules

A

Ca2+ binding prevents flexing so
promoting homophilic binding to
another cadherin

23
Q

what happens when Ca 2+ is removed

A

cells dissociate from each other

24
Q

how many extracellular domains does 1 cadherin molecule have

A

5

25
Q

what separates the extracellular domains of cadherin molecules

A

flexible hinge regions

26
Q

when are flexible hinge regions present

A

in the presence of Ca 2+

27
Q

how does the Intracellular domain of cadherins interact with actin

A

via catenins and other adapter proteins
e.g. vinculin

28
Q

what are the steps of macro assembly

A

membrane protrusions initiate cell-cell contact

actin and cadherin recruitment expands junction

actin remodeling and myosin recruitment expands the adherens junction

29
Q

cell-cell connection leads to extending of microvilli

A

True

30
Q

what are the features of Desmosomes junctions

A

similar to adherens junctions but contain specialized cadherins that connect with intermediate filaments, also

allow junctions to be have strength

31
Q

what happens in tight junctions

A

epithelial tissues act as a selective permeability barrier

differential transporter molecules are expressed in apical and basal plasma membranes to allow
selective transport
across epithelia

32
Q

give an example of a transporter molecule involved in tight junctions

A

glucose transporters in small intestine

33
Q

what are gap junctions

A

channels made from connexins and innexins

34
Q

what are the features of gap junctions

A

small; wont allow macromolecule thro

Can be open or closed in response to signals
(e.g. dopamine reduces gap junction communications in certain neurons in retina)

35
Q

what is the function of tight junctions

A

prevents leakage of extracellular molecules between cells

help polarize the cells

36
Q

what is the function of adherens junctions

A

joins actin bundles between 2 cells

37
Q

what is the function of desmosomes

A

join intermediate filaments between cells

38
Q

what is the function of gap junctions

A

forms channels for small, water soluble molecules to pass from one cell to another

BMS2002 (14 decks)

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