Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMS2002 > L06 > Flashcards

L06 Flashcards

1
Q

what is nociception

A

Nociception is the sensory nervous system’s process of encoding potentially harmful stimuli. Signals are sent from nociceptors to the central nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how do sensory neurons detect stimuli

A

through nociceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

nociceptors are ion channels

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the stages of nociceptive signaling

A

TRANDUCTION

TRANSMISSION (into the central nervous system)

MODULATION

PERCEPTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what transmits the nociceptive signal to the central nervous system

A

primary afferent nociceptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

where does modulation take place

A

in the dorsal root ganglia in the spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

where does the signal go after the spinal cord

A

the thalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how is a signal perceived

A

because of the connections with the cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the neural pathways that connect the thalamus to the cerebral cortex

A

Thalamocortical projections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the types of nociceptive fibers

A

A Beta

A Delta

C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what stimulates A beta fibers

A

non-noxious mechanical stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what stimulates A delta fibers

A

noxious mechanical stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what stimulates C fibers

A

noxious heat and chemical stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the features of A beta fibers

A

myelinated

large diameter

involved in proprioception and light touch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

does A beta have a thermal threshold

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are the properties of A delta fibers

A

lightly myelinated

medium diameter

involved in mechanical, thermal, and chemical nociception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the thermal threshold for type I A delta fibers

A

53 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the thermal threshold for type II A delta fibers

A

43 degrees

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what are the features of C fibers

A

unmyelinated

small diameter

involved in innocuous temperature, itch, as well as mechanical, thermal, and chemical nociception

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what channels mediate nociception

A

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what ions are transported by TRP channels

A

Na+ and Ca 2+

22
Q

how many subunits are there in TRP channels

A

4

23
Q

how many helices does each TRP subunit have

A

6

24
Q

what TRP channels detect heat

A

TRPV1

TRPV2

TRPV3

TRPV4

25
Q

what TRP channels detect PH

A

TRPV1 (acid)

TRPA1 (acid/base)

26
Q

what TRP channels detect reactive chemicals

A

TRPA1

TRPV1

27
Q

what TRP channels detect environmental cold

A

TRPM8

28
Q

what TRP channels detect cold hyperalgesia

A

TRPA1

29
Q

what TRP channel has the threshold of 17 degrees (noxious cold)

A

TRPA1

30
Q

what TRP channel has the threshold of 25 degrees (non noxious cold)

A

TRPM8

31
Q

what TRP channel has the threshold of 25 to 37 degrees (non noxious cold)

A

TRPC5

32
Q

what TRP channel has the threshold of 27 to 34 degrees (non noxious heat)

A

TRPV4

33
Q

what TRP channel has the threshold of 32 to 40 degrees (non noxious heat)

A

TRPV3

34
Q

what TRP channel has the threshold of 43 degrees ( noxious heat)

A

TRPV1

35
Q

what TRP channel has the threshold of 52 degrees ( noxious heat)

A

TRPV2

36
Q

what TRP channel is activated by mint and menthol

A

TRPM8

37
Q

what TRP channel is activated by Cannabidiol

A

TRPA1
TRPV1

38
Q

what TRP channel is activated by Chilli and capsaicin

A

TRPV1

39
Q

what are the classes of pain

A

normal

inflammatory

neuropathic

40
Q

what pain is nociceptive

A

normal

inflammatory

41
Q

what pain is pathophysiologic

A

neuropathic

inflammatory

42
Q

what are the types of nociceptive pain

A

somatic

visceral

43
Q

what are the features of somatic pain

A
  • Pain arises from the peripheral nervous system (skin, muscles, joints, bones, and connective tissues)
  • Localised to specific region
  • Stimulation nociceptive nerve fibers (Aδ and C fibers)
  • Muscle cramps, sprains etc
  • Usually responsive to pain-relief
44
Q

what are the features of visceral pain

A
  • Pain arises from the viscera (uterus, intestine, kidneys, stomach)
  • Diffuse pain, often difficult to pinpoint to a specific region
  • Nociceptive nerve fibers (Aδ and C fibers)
  • Autonomic system symptoms nausea, sweating, changes in heart rate/blood pressure.
  • Appendicitis, dysmenorrhea, bowel obstruction
  • Poorly responsive to pain relief
45
Q

what are the mediators of inflammatory pain

A

histamine

serotonin

bradykinin

prostaglandins

ATP

46
Q

how is inflammatory pain treated

A

Cox2 inhibitors

Opioids

47
Q

what do inflammatory pain mediators modulate

A

TRP, NaV, and KV channels to enhance pain sensitivity.

48
Q

what happens in neuropathic pain

A

Nerve injury alters NaV, CaV and KV channel function and expression in nociceptors.

49
Q

how is Neuropathic pain treated

A

tricyclic antidepressants

anticonvulsants

Na+ channel blockers

NMDA receptor antagonists

opioids

50
Q

demyelination can lead to firing without a stimuli

A

yea

51
Q

what channel does lidocaine block

A

voltage-gated Na+ channel

52
Q

how does lidocaine work

A

Lidocaine reversibly binds to the inner pore of voltage-gated Na+ channels when they are in their open and inactivated states.

Lidocaine has greater affinity for inactivated channels compared to resting channels.

Blocks the inner pore

Non-selective

BMS2002 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions