KUB

Question 1

indications for radiograph KUB

Answer 1

haematuria,
Acute renal failure
Suspected stones
stent follow up

Question 2

what proportion of renal calculi are radiopopaque on plain film?

Answer 2

90%

Calcium oxalate most opaque (45%)

Cysteine stones are poorly opaque and uric acid stones are lucent.

ALL ARE SEEN ON CT

Question 3

Nephrocalcinosis refers to

CAUSES?

Answer 3

calcification that lies within the renal parenchyma.

BILATERAL CAUSES ARE METABOLIC
hyperparathyroidism or renal tubular acidosis will affect both kidneys.

Question 4

Tramline or linear cortical calcification

Answer 4

s seen following acute cortical necrosis and in chronic glomerulonephritis

Question 5

causes of renal calcification include

Answer 5

Vascular calcification - this is usually linear

Tuberculous autonephrectomy has a characteristic appearance of a dense kidney

Question 6

Cortical nephrocalcinosis is caused by

Answer 6

acute cortical necrosis and in chronic glomerulonephritis.

Question 7

Bladder calculi usually form in

Answer 7

bladder outlet obstruction,

Question 8

Renal calculi mimics

Answer 8

Vascular calcifications
Mesenteric node calcifiations - popcorn apperance
Gallstone
Pancreatic calcifications
Phlebolith (lucent centre)
Uterine fibroids 
vas deferens calcificaitons (diabetic men) 
ovarian demoid (rare) - see a tooth

Question 9

Diastasis of the symphysis pubis

Answer 9

Mild cases are related to epispadias whereas more severe cases are due to extrophy of the bladder, which is a congenital condition in which the bladder is open to the anterior abdominal wall

Question 10

osteitis condensans iliae

Answer 10

sclerosis of the left iliac bone posteriorly

related to previous pregnancy

Question 11

what to consider on IVU KUB

Answer 11

Have all the calyces filled?
Are the fornices sharp or blunt?
Are there any filling defects?
Is there hydronephrosis present?

Question 12

Normal appearances that may mimic pathology on IVU KUB

Answer 12

Vascular impression
These are smooth, linear extrinsic compressions upon the renal pelvis, or an infundibulum, most common in the upper pole (Fig 1).

Extra-renal pelvis
The renal pelvis extends medially outside the renal capsule into perinephric fat, allowing it to dilate up. This does not constitute hydronephrosis.

Crossed calyces
Sometimes one group of calyces is projected over another, giving the impression of an apparent filling defect in between them. This actually represents normal renal parenchyma or sinus fat (Fig 2).

Question 13

duplication of ureters exists in how many patients?

Answer 13

10%

Question 14

horseshoe kidney is how common

Answer 14

1 in 600

Question 15

horseshoe kidney is what

Answer 15

connects the lower poles

lower due to being below the IMA

Question 16

Pelvic kidney

Answer 16

(1 in 725 people)

normally develop otherwise

Question 17

Crossed fused renal ectopia

Answer 17

(1 in 2000 people)

one kidney crosses over to the other side, and is fused to the lower pole of the ipsilateral kidney