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Physics written assignments > Kremkau Chapter 5 key terms > Flashcards

Kremkau Chapter 5 key terms Flashcards

1
Q

autocorrelation

A

a rapid technique, used in most color Doppler instruments, to obtain mean Doppler shift frequency

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2
Q

baseline shift

A

movement of the zero Doppler shift frequency or zero flow speed line up or down on a spectral display

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3
Q

Bernoulli effect

A

pressure reduction in a region of high flow speed

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4
Q

bidirectional

A

indicating Doppler instruments capable of distinguishing between positive and negative Doppler shifts.

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5
Q

clutter

A

noise in the Doppler signal that generally is caused by high amplitude, Doppler shifted echoes from the heart or vessel walls.

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6
Q

color Doppler display

A

the presentation of 2D, real time Doppler shift information in color superimposed on real time, gray scale, anatomic, cross sectional image.

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7
Q

compliance

A

distensibility; nonrigid stretchibility of vessels.

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8
Q

continuous wave Doppler

A

a Doppler device or procedure that uses continuous wave ultrasound

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9
Q

cosine

A

the cosine of angle A in figure C-1 is the length of side B divided by the length of side C

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10
Q

disturbed flow

A

flow that cannot be described by straight, parallel streamlines.

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11
Q

Doppler angle

A

the angle between the sound beam and flow direction.

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12
Q

Doppler effect

A

a change in frequency caused by reflector motion

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13
Q

Doppler equation

A

the mathematical description of the relationship between the Doppler shift, frequency, Doppler angle, propagation speed, and reflector speed.

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14
Q

Doppler power display

A

color Doppler display in which colors are assigned according to the strength or the Doppler shifted echoes.

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15
Q

Doppler shift

A

reflected frequency minus incident frequency; the change in frequency caused by motion

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16
Q

Doppler spectrum

A

the range of frequencies present in Doppler shifted echoes.

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17
Q

duplex instrument

A

an ultrasound instrument that combines gray scale sonography with pulsed Doppler and, possibly, continuous wave Doppler

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18
Q

eddies

A

regions of circular flow patterns present in turbulence

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19
Q

ensemble length

A

number of pulses used to generate one color Doppler image scan line

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20
Q

fast fourier transform

A

digital computer implementation of the Fourier transform

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21
Q

filter

A

an electric circuit that passes frequencies within a defined range

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22
Q

flow

A

to move in a stream. volume flow rate.

23
Q

fluid

A

a material that flows and conforms to the shape of its container; a gas or a liquid

24
Q

frequency spectrum

A

the range of Doppler shift frequencies present in the returning echoes

25
Q

gate

A

a device that allows only echoes from a selected depth to pass

26
Q

hue

A

the color perceived base on the frequency of light

27
Q

inertia

A

resistance to acceleration

28
Q

laminar flow

A

flow in which fluid layers slide over each other in a smooth, orderly manner, with no mixing between layers

29
Q

luminance

A

brightness of a presented hue and saturation

30
Q

parabolic flow

A

laminar flow with a profile in the shape of a parabola

31
Q

phase quadrature

A

two signals differing by one fourth of a cycle.

32
Q

plug flow

A

flow with all fluid portions traveling with the same flow speed and direction

33
Q

poise

A

unit of viscosity

34
Q

poiseuille equation

A

the mathematical description of the dependence of volume flow rate on pressure, vessel length and radius, and fluid viscosity.

35
Q

priority

A

the gray scale echo strength below with color Doppler information is shown preferentially on a display

36
Q

pulsatile flow

A

flow that accelerates and decelerates with each cardiac cycle

37
Q

pulsed Doppler

A

a Doppler device or procedure that uses pulsed wave ultrasound

38
Q

range gating

A

selection of depth from which echoes are accepted based on echo arrival time

39
Q

resistance

A

pressure difference divided by volume flow rate for steady flow

40
Q

sample volume

A

the anatomic region from which pulsed Doppler echoes are accepted

41
Q

saturation

A

the amount of hue present in a mix with white

42
Q

spectral analysis

A

separation of frequencies in a Doppler signal for display as a Doppler spectrum; the application of the Fourier transform to determine the frequency components present in a Doppler signal.

43
Q

spectral broadening

A

the widening of the Doppler shift spectrum; that is, the increase in the range of Doppler shift frequencies present that occurs because of a broadened range of flow velocities encountered by the sound beam. this occurs for disturbed and turbulent flow.

44
Q

spectral Doppler display

A

the presentation of Doppler information in a quantitative form of Doppler shift versus time. visual display of a Doppler spectrum

45
Q

spectrum analyzer

A

a device that derives a frequency spectrum from a complex signal

46
Q

stenosis

A

narrowing of a vessel lumen

47
Q

streamlines

A

a line representing the path of motion of a particle of fluid

48
Q

turbulence

A

random, chaotic, multidirectional flow of a fluid with mixing between layers; flow that is not laminar

49
Q

variance

A

square or standard deviation; one of the outputs of the autocorrelation process; a measure of spectral broadening.

50
Q

viscosity

A

resistance of a fluid to flow

51
Q

volumetric flow rate

A

volume of fluid passing a point per unit of time

52
Q

wall filter

A

an electric filter that passes frequencies above a set level and eliminates strong, low frequency Doppler shifts from pulsating heart or vessel walls or tissue motion

53
Q

window

A

an anechoic region appearing beneath echo frequencies presented on a Doppler spectral display.

Physics written assignments (7 decks)

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