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Physics written assignments > Kremkau Chapter 3 Key Terms > Flashcards

Kremkau Chapter 3 Key Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Aperature

A

size of a transducer element or group of elements.

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2
Q

Apodization

A

nonuniform driving of elements in an array to reduce grating lobes

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3
Q

Array

A

a transducer assembly containing several piezoelectric elements

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4
Q

Axial

A

in the direction of the transducer axis

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5
Q

Axial Resolution

A

the minimum reflector separation along the sound path that is required to produce separate echoes

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6
Q

Beam

A

region containing continuous wave sound; region through which a sound pulse propagates.

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7
Q

Composite

A

combination of a piezoelectric ceramic and a nonpiezoelectric polymer

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8
Q

Convex Array

A

curved linear array

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9
Q

Crystal

A

element

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10
Q

Curie Point

A

temperature at which an element material loses its piezoelectric properties

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11
Q

Damping

A

material attached to the rear face of a transducer element to reduce pulse duration; the process of pulse duration reduction.

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12
Q

Detail Resolution

A

the ability to image fine detail and to distinguish closely spaced reflectors

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13
Q

Disk

A

a thin, flat, circular object.

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14
Q

Dynamic aperature

A

aperature that increases with increasing focal length

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15
Q

dynamic focusing

A

continuously variable reception focusing that allows the increasing depth of the transmitted pulse as it travels.

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16
Q

Element

A

the piezoelectric component of a transducer assembly

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17
Q

Elevational Resolution

A

the detail resolution in the direction perpendicular to the scan plane. it is equal to the section thickness and is the source of section thickness artifact.

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18
Q

Far zone

A

the region of a sound beam in which the beam diameter increases as the distance from the transducer increases. aka far field

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19
Q

Focal length

A

distance from a focused transducer to the center of a focal region or to the location of the spatial peak intensity

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20
Q

Focal region

A

region of minimum beam diameter and area

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21
Q

Focal zone

A

length of the focal region

22
Q

Focus

A

the concentration of the sound beam into a smaller beam area than would exist otherwise

23
Q

Grating lobes

A

additional weaker beams of sound traveling out in directions different from the primary beam as a result of the multi element structure of transducer arrays

24
Q

Lateral

A

perpendicular to the direction of sound travel

25
Q

Lateral Resolution

A

minimum reflector separation perpendicular to the sound path that is required to produce separate echoes.

26
Q

Lead zirconate titanate

A

a ceramic piezoelectric material . PZT

27
Q

Lens

A

a curved material that focuses a sound or light beam

28
Q

Linear

A

adjectival form of line

29
Q

Linear array

A

array made of rectangular elements arranged in a straight line

30
Q

Linear phased array

A

linear array operated by applying voltage pulses to all elements, but with small time differences to direct ultrasound pulses out in various directions.

31
Q

Linear sequenced array

A

linear array operated by applying voltage pulses to groups of elements sequentially

32
Q

Matching layer

A

material attached to the front face of a transducer element to reduce the reflections at the transducer surface

33
Q

Natural Focus

A

the narrowing of a sound beam that occurs with an unfocused flat transducer element.

34
Q

Near zone

A

the region of a sound beam in which the beam diameter decreases as the distance from the transducer increases; also called near field

35
Q

Operating frequency

A

preferred frequency of operation of a transducer

36
Q

Phased array

A

an array that steers and focuses the beam electronically

37
Q

Phased linear array

A

linear sequenced array with phased focusing added; linear sequenced array with phased steering of pulses to produce a parallelogram shaped display

38
Q

Piezoelectricity

A

conversion of pressure to electric voltage

39
Q

Probe

A

transducer assembly

40
Q

Resolution

A

the ability to distinguish echoes in terms of space, time, or strength.

41
Q

Resonance frequency

A

operating frequency

42
Q

Scanhead

A

transducer assembly

43
Q

Sector

A

a geometric figure bounded by two radii and the arc of the circle included between them

44
Q

Sensitivity

A

ability of an imaging system to detect weak echoes.

45
Q

Side lobes

A

weaker beams of sound traveling out from a single element in directions different from those of the primary beam.

46
Q

Sound beam

A

the region of a medium that contains virtually all of the sound produced by a transducer.

47
Q

Source

A

an emitter of ultrasound; transducer

48
Q

Transducer

A

a device that converts energy from one form to another

49
Q

Transducer assembly

A

Transducer elements with damping and matching materials assembled in a case.

50
Q

ultrasound transducer

A

a device that converts electric energy to ultrasound energy, and vice verse

51
Q

Vector array

A

linear sequenced array that emits pulses from different starting points and from different directions

Physics written assignments (7 decks)

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