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Physics written assignments > Kremkau Chapter 4 Key Terms > Flashcards

Kremkau Chapter 4 Key Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

compression

A

reduction in difference between small and large amplitudes. region of high density and pressure in a compressional wave.

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2
Q

scan line

A

a line produced on a display that represents ultrasonic echoes returning from the body. a sonographic image is composed f many scan lines

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3
Q

shear wave

A

transverse wave

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4
Q

stress

A

a force per unit area applied to a material that compresses or stretches it

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5
Q

postprocessing

A

image processing done after storage in the memory

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6
Q

contrast resolution

A

ability of a gray scale display to distinguish between echoes of slightly different intensities.

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7
Q

picture archiving and communications systems

A

the system provides means for electronically communicating images and associated information to work stations and devices external to the sonographic instrument, the examining room, and even the building in which the scanning is done. PACS

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8
Q

bandpass filter

A

passes a range of frequencies (its bandwidth) and rejects those above and below the acceptance bandwidth.

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9
Q

channel

A

a single 1 or 2 way path for transmitting electric signals, in distinction to other parallel paths; an independent transmission delay line and transducer element path

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10
Q

analog to digital converter

A

a device that converts voltage amplitude to a number. ADC

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11
Q

temporal resolution

A

ability to distinguish closely spaced events in time; improves with increased frame rate

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12
Q

real time display

A

a display that, with a sufficient frame rate, appears to image moving structures or a changing scan plane continuously

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13
Q

compensation

A

equalization of received echo amplitude differences caused by different attenuations for different reflector depths. aka TGC DGC

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14
Q

persistence

A

averaging sequential planes together.

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15
Q

detection

A

conversion of voltage pulses from radio frequency to video form.

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16
Q

a mode

A

mode of operation in which the display presents echo amplitude versus depth

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17
Q

elastography

A

imaging tissue stiffness by tracking movement under mechanical stress

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18
Q

cine loop

A

sequential display of all the frames stored in memory at a controllable frame rate.

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19
Q

refresh rate

A

the number of times each second that information is sent from the image memory to the display. the number of times per second that a computer monitor redraws the information found in the memory

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20
Q

young’s modulus

A

a measure of the hardness of a material. it is the ratio of the applied stress to the resulting strain in a material subjected to the stress.

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21
Q

amplifier

A

a device that accomplishes amplification

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22
Q

analog

A

related to a procedure or system in which data are represented by proportional, continuously variable, physical quantities

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23
Q

scanning

A

the sweeping of a sound beam through the anatomy to produce an image.

24
Q

signal

A

information bearing voltages in an electric circuit

25
Q

TGC

A

equalization of echo amplitude differences caused by different attenuations for different reflector depths.

26
Q

frame rate

A

number of frames of echo information stored each second

27
Q

signal processor

A

an electronic device that manipulates electric signals in preparation for appropriate presentation of information contained in them

28
Q

digital

A

related to a procedure or system in which data are represented by numeric digits

29
Q

freeze frame

A

constant display of one of the frames in memory

30
Q

frame

A

a single image produced by one complete scan of the sound beam

31
Q

lateral gain control

A

gain controls that enable different gain values to be applied laterally across an image to compensate for differing attenuation values in different anatomic regions

32
Q

bit

A

binary digit; one or zero

33
Q

gain

A

ratio (dB) of amplifier output to input electric power

34
Q

real time

A

imaging with a rapid frame sequence display

35
Q

dynamic range

A

ration (dB) of largest to smallest power that a system can handle; ratio of the largest to smallest intensity of echoes encountered

36
Q

panoramic imaging

A

the extension of the field of view beyond the normal limits of a transducer scan plane

37
Q

b mode

A

mode of operation in which the display presents a spot of appropriate brightness for each echo received by the transducer

38
Q

gray scale

A

range of brightness between white and black

39
Q

pixel

A

picture element; the unit into which imaging information is divided for storage and display in a digital instrument

40
Q

digital to analog converter

A

a device that converts a number to a proportional voltage amplitude. DAC

41
Q

strain

A

the increase or decrease of the length of a segment of a material, subjected to a stress, divided by its original length

42
Q

image memory

A

the part of the image processor where echo information is stored in image format

43
Q

preprocessing

A

signal and image processing accomplished before storage in the memory

44
Q

b scan

A

a b mode image that represents an anatomic cross section through the scanning plane.

45
Q

coded excitation

A

a sophisticated form of transmission in which the driving voltage pulses have intrapulse variations in amplitude, frequency, and or phase.

46
Q

bistable

A

having two possible states.

47
Q

display

A

a device that presents a visual image derived from voltages received from an image processor

48
Q

image processor

A

an electronic device that manipulates and prepares images for visual presentation

49
Q

depth gain compensation

A

same as compensation. aka DGC

50
Q

volume imaging

A

3D imaging

51
Q

flat panel display

A

a backlighted rectangular matrix of thousands of liquid crystal display elements.

52
Q

spatial compounding

A

averaging of frames that view the anatomy from different angles

53
Q

m mode

A

a b mode presentation of changing reflector position( motion) versus time

54
Q

demodulation

A

detection

55
Q

radio frequency

A

voltages representing echoes in cyclic form

56
Q

amplification

A

the process by which small voltages are increased to larger ones

Physics written assignments (7 decks)

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