Krebs Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

What is a synonym for the krebs cycle?

A

The citric acid cycle and TCA cycle

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2
Q

What is the purpose of the Krebs cycle?

A

Oxidizing Macronutrients and produces NADH + FADH2 which deliver electrons to the ETS to make ATP

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3
Q

Carbohydrates and Fats enter the Krebs cycle as ____

A

Acetyl CoA

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4
Q

Carbs enter the krebs cycle after running through ______ and a prep step

A

Glycolysis

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5
Q

Fats can enter the krebs cycle after running through ___ _____

A

beta oxidation

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6
Q

Pyruvate becomes Acetyl CoA utilizing _______

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

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7
Q

The reaction in which pyruvate becomes Acteyl CoA (dehydrogenation) is _______ and happens within the mitochondrial matrix

A

irreversible

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8
Q

What is Beta Oxidation?

A

oxidation of fatty acids where a two carbon molecule (acetyl CoA) is cleaved off the fatty acid

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9
Q

Where does Beta Oxidation happen?

A

Happens within the mitochondrial matrix

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10
Q

What is the universal carrier of Acyl groups ?

A

Coenzyme A

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11
Q

This coenzyme consists of pantothenic acid (B5) and a terminal thiol (SH) group and forms high-energy thioester bonds with acetic acid (acetyl CoA) and fatty acids (acyl CoA)

A

Coenzyme A

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12
Q

This coenzyme is Used in fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, pyruvate oxidation and acetylation

A

Coenzyme A

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13
Q

Which one is the acetyl CoA?

A

Left

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14
Q
A
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15
Q
A
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16
Q
A
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17
Q

Acetyl CoA and Oxaloacetate utilize this enzyme in order to become citric acidd

A

citrate synthase

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18
Q

What enzyme is utilized during isomerization in Krebs Cycle? Specifically in thereaction that transfomrs Citric acid to isocitric acid

A

Aconitase

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19
Q

What is the enzyme utilized in the reaction which Isocitric Acid becomes Oxalosuccinate and later Alphaketoglurate?

A

Isocitrate dehydrogenase

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20
Q

The reaction in which isocitric acid becomes Alpha ketoglutarate is known as

A

Oxidative decarboxylation

21
Q

What is the enzyme utilized in the reaction in which Alpha Ketoglutarate becomes Succinyl CoA?

A

Alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

22
Q

The reaction in which Alpha Ketoglutarate becomes Succinyl CoA is known as

A

Oxidative decarboxylation

23
Q

What is the Alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex?

A

Three enzymes, and it is similar to pyruvate dehydrogenase

24
Q

In order to form GTP, Succinyl CoA becomes Succinate by utilizing this enzyme

A

Succinate Thiokinase

25
Q

In order to yield GTP we need to Cleave the _____ bond of Succinyl CoA

A

Thioester bond

26
Q

How do we convert GTP to ATP?

A

GTP + ADP undergoes a reversible reaction utilizing Nucleoside Disphosphokinase in order to Phosphorylate ADP

27
Q

Succinate + FAD and this enzyme is utilized to oxidize and obtain Fumarate

A

Succinate Dehydrogenase

28
Q

What is something that gives substrates to the Krebs Cycle? (aka, commonly known as, etc)

A

anaplerotic

29
Q

What is something that takes something away from the krebs cycle?

A

Cataplerotic

30
Q

What is the enzyme utilized in this reaction Acetly CoA + OAA + H20  Citrate + CoA + H+?

A

Citrate synthase

31
Q

What is the enzyme utilized in this reaction Citrate  cis-aconitate + H20  Isocitrate

A

aconitase

32
Q

What is the enzyme utilized in this reaction Isocitrate + NAD+  -ketoglutarate + CO2 + NADH?

A

isocitrate dehydrogenase

33
Q

what is the enzyme utilized in this reaction -ketoglutarate + NAD+ + CoA  Succinyl CoA + CO2 + NADH?

A

Alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

34
Q

What is the enzyme utilized in this reaction Succinyl CoA + Pi + GDP  Succinate + GTP + CoA?

A

succinate thiokinase

35
Q

What is the enzyme utilized in this reaction Succinate + FAD  Fumerate + FADH2

A

succinate Dehydrogenase

36
Q

what is the enzyme utilized in this reaction Fumerate + H20  Malate?

A

fumerase

37
Q

what is the enzyme utilized in this reaction Fumerase -0.9 Malate + NAD+  Oxaloacetate + NADH + H+?

A

malate dehydrogenase

38
Q

What could inhibit Citrate Synthase?

A

high levels of citrate

39
Q

The Krebs Cycle is considered aerobic because NADH and FADH(sub2) deliver

A

electrons to the ETS

40
Q

What is the ultimate acceptor of electrons in the Krebs Cycle?

A

Oxygen

41
Q

What are the enzymes that could regulate but can be influenced?

A

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Citrate Synthase Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Alpha KG Dehydrogenase

42
Q

What could inhibit Pyruvate dehydrogenase?

A

High NADH/NAD+  High Acetyl CoA/CoA  High ATP/ADP

43
Q

If we were to have conditions of High ATP/ADP, NADH/NAD+/, or high Acetyl CoA, they activate a kinase which adds _______ group to ______ and inactivates it

A

kinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase

44
Q

In order to reactivate or activate Pyruvate dehydrogenase we would need what type of enzyme?

A

phosphatase

45
Q

What allosterically inhibits Citrate Synthase?

A

ATP

46
Q

What regulates isocitrate dehydrogenase?

A

Energy charge

47
Q

What allosterically inhibits Isocitrate dehydrogenase?

A

ATP

48
Q

What allosterically stimulate Isocitrate Dehydrogenase?

A

ADP

49
Q

What inhibits Alpha Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase?

A

ATP, NADH, Succinyl CoA