KQ4: China - economic inequalities influence social and env issues Flashcards

1
Q

How is there inequality between genders? (3)

A
  • Traditionally, women treated as second class citizens - in education, work, health, politics.
  • One child policy included many sex selective abortions.
  • Beginning to change now however thanks to economic development leading to government reforms,
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2
Q

What is China’s current economic position? (6)

A
  • World’s third largest economy.
  • Growth driven mostly by secondary sector.
  • Rivals India as an NIC.
  • Major role in international trade.
  • Second largest exporter in the world.
  • Third largest importer in the world.
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3
Q

What are China’s current problems? (5)

A
  • Rapidly aging population - backlash from one child policy.
  • Increasing rural urban gap.
  • Gaining access of foreign sources of supply.
  • Keeping wages down so labour force remains cheap and competitive in world market place.
  • Serious pollution.
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4
Q

What are China’s pollution problems?

A
  • Movement of pollution means that some rural areas suffer from other region’s pollution.
  • Climatic reasons mean some similar pollution producing urban regions suffer much more than others.
  • Most severe regions with heavy industry e.g. iron, steel and chemical works.
  • Most polluted region is Shanxi, with 4 of China’s 10 most polluted cities in.
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5
Q

How is pollution managed in SOME areas? (3)

A
  • SOME local councils favour environmental protection by implementing strict environmental controls within their region.
  • EXAMPLE: although the Han River flows through a heavily industrialised region, the water is still drinkable
  • This is a result of environmental controls where factories were shut down for being responsible for serious pollution. This then encouraged the remaining industries to operate with environmental controls.
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6
Q

What economic policies led to China’s success? (5)

A
  • 1978: govt. aimed to raise living standards by gradually moving away from command economy, to a more market based one. As a result opened to international trade and foreign direct investment.
  • 1984: 14 coastal cities opened to trade and FDI.
  • Five economic zones opened.
  • Zones such as the Pearl Delta River became prosperous by making electrical equipment, clothing, shoes, toys.
  • Private sector now generates 70% of China’s GDP.
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7
Q

How is their social inequality in China? (White Horse village) - how is their inequality between rural and urban? (3)

A
  • Lots of effort for very little reward in rural areas.
  • Have little say in anything in rural areas.
  • Children unable to enrol in school in rural areas.
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8
Q

How is their social inequality in China? (White Horse village) - why have people migrated from rural to urban? (3)

A
  • Better paid and skilled jobs.
  • Opportunities.
  • Pay for medicine for elderly relatives.
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9
Q

How is their social inequality in China? (White Horse village) - what problems have people experience in WH village as the area has been urbanized? (6)

A
  • People not given enough compensation.
  • State doesn’t care enough about resettling and sorting problems of people currently living there.
  • Ancestors graves will have to be removed.
  • Govt. buildings built first before new schools, apartments that were promised…
  • Temporary shelters with no hot water/heating. Use communal toilet blocks.
  • Houses knocked down where they built their lives.
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10
Q

How is their social inequality in China? (White Horse village) - do the changes to urbanisation offer more opportunities, better standards of living, better quality of life? (3)

A
  • Improved job opportunities - earn more money - can afford better food/housing - better quality of life/standard of living.
  • New high school is best in country - however rural children are unable to enrol.
  • Villagers struggling to get into ‘city life’. Made complaints about inefficient apartments - bad standards, not right for EQ’s either.
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11
Q

How is China aiming to change? (4)

A

In October 2013, decided…

  • Land reform e.g. granting farming property rights to own land.
  • Introduce competitive banking so small companies and individuals can get loans.
  • Reduce power of local governments who at present raise money by land auctions (as farmers have no land rights) - by giving them other sources of finance (new taxes).
  • ‘Build a beautiful China’ by improving system of land development - conserving natural resources and improving environmental protection.
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12
Q

What is the most polluted region in China? Why?

A

Shanxi, has 4 of China’s 10 most polluted cities in it

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13
Q

What is the clean river called?

A

Han River

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14
Q

What policies were made in 1978?

A

govt. aimed to raise living standards by gradually moving away from command economy, to a more market based one. As a result opened to international trade and foreign direct investment.

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15
Q

What happened in 1984?

A

14 coastal cities opened to trade and FDI.

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16
Q

How much GDP does the private sector now generate?

A

70%