Korean War & Civil Rights Flashcards
Defeated by Mao Zedong and fled with his forces to Taiwan
Chiang Kai-shek
US and Soviet Union divide Korea along this line
38th Parallel
Why did the communist forces of North Korea cross the 38th Parallel
With the goal of uniting the country by force
What action did Truman say was necessary to carry out America’s policy of containment
Police Action
Capital of North Korea
Pyongyang
Capital of South Korea
Seoul
Leader of North Korea
Kim Il-Sung
Leader of South Korea
Singman Rhee
- They condemned the invasion of South Korea
- Special forces, under General MacArthur sent to push North Koreans back across the 38th Parallel
The UN’s response
- North Korea retreats
- MacArthur urges Truman to invade North Korea, create unified, independent Korea
- Home by Christmas
South Korea Reclaimed
Said that if the USA continued to advance, this country would respond with military action
Chinese Warning
MacArthur doesn’t listen to China and China follows through on their warning so Truman does this and America disagrees
Truman Fires MacArthur
War reaches a…
Stalemate
What would persist along the 38th Parallel for 2 years
Bitter fighting
An agreement to cease hostilities/begin peace talks
Armistice
When does the war end
July 27th, 1953
What was established on the 38th Parallel
Demilitarized Zone (DMZ)
Why was Korea a failure
- Almost no change in territory by end
- 54,000 Americans died, 2 million Koreans & Chinese died
Why Korea was a sucess
Communism in a sense contained
This agreement:
1. Suspended open hostilities
2. Withdrew military forces and equipment from a 400 meter wide zone (created buffer between the two zones)
3. Prevented both sides from entering the air, ground, or seas on opposing sides
4. Released POW’s
5. Establishes the Military Armistice Commission (MAC) + other agencies- used to ensure that the truce terms are followed
The Korean Armistice Agreement
African-Americans fight for equal opportunities in jobs, housing, and education
The Civil Rights Movement
Supreme Court Case: upheld the constitutionality of segregating public facilities under the doctrine of separate but equal
Plessy vs. Ferguson (1896)
The first Civil Rights organization, worked on behalf of African-Americans
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
- Landmark Supreme Court case
- Linda Brown, Topeka Kansas
- Attorney: Thurgood Marshall
- Earl Warren Court (9-0 unanimous decision)
- Ended segregation in public schools
- Overturned Plessy vs. Ferguson case
Brown vs. Board of Education (1954)
14 year old boy who was kidnapped, beaten, and killed for whistling at a white woman. The woman’s husband and brother in law went after him. His beaten body with a bullet hole through his head was thrown in the Tallahatchie River. His killers were acquitted, but this boys brutalized face sparked the Civil Rights Movement
Emmett Till
This woman refused tog I’ve up her seat in a section of the bus reserved for whites. Her arrest (and $10 fine) united the African-Americans in Montgomery to start the Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks
African-Americans unite in their refusal to use the city’s buses. Started with Rosa Parks arrest
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Nine students, including Elizabeth Eckford, who were prevented from entering Little Rock Central High School under orders from the Governor of Arkansas, Orval Faubus
Little Rock Nine
Young Baptist Minister, made first appearance speaking at bus boycott meeting. Instrumental in the success of the Civil Rights Movement
Reverend. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Civil Rights organization that taught African-Americans nonviolent methods for pursuing equal rights
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
Resisting a law that you think is unjust
Civil Disobedience
Employed nonviolent means to lead India to independence. Inspired MLK
Mahatma Gandhi
Pressured FDR into banning discrimination in the military. Pressured Truman into desegregating the military. Inspired MLK
A. Philip Randolph
Landmark legislation that banned discrimination based on race, color, gender, or national origin. Bill was drafted with Kennedy, but LBJ signs into law
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Locally based, student-run Civil Rights organization founded by Ella Baker
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNC)
Protested by sitting down in stores known to practice segregation
The Sit-In Movement
One of 6 young children chosen to integrate elementary school in New Orleans 1960. Was cursed at and spat on. Parents removed their kids from school because she was going
Ruby Bridges
Civil Rights Organization. “Making equality a reality for all.” Included the freedom riders
Congress Of Racial Equality (CORE)
Activists who rode buses into the South to test the “de-segregation” of bus facilities. James Farmer
Freedom Riders
The First AA to integrate Ole Miss 1962
James Meredith
Governor of Alabama. Jan 1963: “Segregation now,! Segregation tomorrow,! Segregation forever!”
George Wallace
Birmingham police chief
Bull Connor
Letter written by MLK while spending 8 days in jail in Birmingham, Alabama in a response to accusations that protests created tension between the races
Letter From A Birmingham Jail
Protests led by children because the adults were in jail
Children’s Marches
Black doctor who was shot and killed outside his home for no reason in 1963
Medgar Evers
Aug. 1963, 200,00 people “marched” to capital to rally support for Civil Rights Bill
March on Washington
Famous speech delivered by MLK on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial
“I have a dream”
The “Theme Song” of the Civil Rights Movement
We Shall Overcome
A bombing by the KKK of a church, killing 4 children and injuring 17 on September 13, 1963
16th Street Baptist Church Bombing
A Civil Rights Movement in the summer of 1964 to help AA register to vote
Freedom Summer
3 marches that occurred during Freedom Summer, AA’s were stopped the first two times by police forces. They succeeded on the third march with the help of MLK and federal troops sent by LBJ
Selma Marches
During the second Selma march, this one led by John Lewis, police forces attacked the marchers with tear gas, bullwhips, and clubs
Bloody Sunday
Legislation that gave federal government the power to force local officials to allow AA to register to vote-send federal examiners to southern states to register black voters. Around 600,000 registered
Voting Rights Act of 1965
- Imprisoned at age 20
- Leader in the Nation of Islam-Black Muslims, Equality by any means necessary (violence), separation from whites
- Changed (softened) after pilgrimage to Mecca
- Left Nation of Islam
- Assassinated by rival group of Black Muslims
Malcolm X
- The leader of the political and religious group The Nation of Islam
- His teachings, often perceived as racist, preached complete separation from Whites in society
- He often expressed the idea the Blacks were the first people to rule the world and that the whites tricked them out of power and oppressed them
- Believed most slaves were originally Muslim
- Young Malcolm X developed his adept speaking skills and political ideas under the direction of him
Elijah Muhammad
A term that emphasizes racial pride and the desire for African-Americans to achieve equality. The term promotes the creation of Black political and social institutions. Coined by Stokely Carmichael
Black Power
These two men gave the black power salute at the 1968 summer Olympics and were suspended by the USA team.
Tommie Smith and John Carlos
- US African-American Militant group against urban police
- Founded in 1966 in Oakland, CA
- Led by Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale
- Believed violent revolution was the only way to receive freedom
Black Panther Party
April 4, 1968, _______ was assassinated
MLK
- We want freedom. We want power to determine the destiny of our Black Community.
- We want full employment for our people.
- We want an end to the robbery by the Capitalists of our Black Community.
- We want decent housing, fit for shelter of human beings.
- We want education for our people that exposes the true nature of this decadent American society. We want education that teaches us our true history and our role in the present day society.
- We want all Black men to be exempt from military service.
- We want an immediate end to POLICE BRUTALITY and MURDER of Black people.
- We want freedom for all Black men held in federal, state, county and city prisons and jails.
- We want all Black people when brought to trial to be tried in court by a jury of their peer group or people from their Black Communities, as defined by the Constitution of the United States.
- We want land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice and peace.
What We Want Now
