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cold war > Korean War > Flashcards

Korean War Flashcards

1
Q

When did Korea lose its independence to Japan?

A

1910

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2
Q

Why did Soviet and US troops move into Korea?

A

Soviets rebuilding the country
US stayed there feared a communist take over
Beause of the defeat of Japan in ww2

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3
Q

What did the Soviets and US divide Korea into?

A

zones of occupation along the 38th parallel

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4
Q

What happened to the zones?

A

They became two states in 1948 North and South

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5
Q

Who ruled te North?

A

Kim II Sung communist

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6
Q

Who ruled the South?

A

SYngman R hee

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7
Q

What happened after Soviet and US withdrawal in 1950?

A

The North invaded the south and war began

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8
Q

What was the role of the US?

A

Wanted reunification under Rhee
Excluded south Korea from its defensive perimeter. This was a list of countries they would defend against communist aggression in Asia
They believed the invasion was planned by the Soviets
They were pressurised by the loss of China and communist hysteria at home. They sent South Korea air and naval power and requested assistance from the UN

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9
Q

What was the role of USSR?

A

Wanted reunification under Kim
Boycotted the UN supervised elections in South Korea 1948
Shred a border with Korea so this created security concerns
Wanted access to raw materials and hydroelectricity
Gave a cautious approval to Kim’s plans for attack, but no firm commitments to help as they were scared of US intervention
Sent millitary advisers and equipment

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10
Q

What was the role of China?

A

Did not want to join another war
They wanted to solve affairs in China and the threat posed by Chiang Kai shek in Taiwan which they wanted to invade
Concerned by the relations between Kim and the USSR
Sent troops and supplies when fighting approached their border

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11
Q

What was the role of the UN?

A

Supervised 1948 election in the south ratified US actions and US support for the south
Asked North Korea to move the troops and voted to send troops to the south
USSR could have vetoed the proposal but were absent due to protests over their refusal to admit China into the UN
Agreed for 16 countries to send troops to South Korea

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12
Q

What was the role of Kim Il Sung?

A

Wanted to invade the South and convinced Stalin of a quick vistory owing to R hee’s unpopularity
Made several proposals to Stalin to attack the South from 1949

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13
Q

What was the role of Syndgman Rhee?

A

South Korea was involved in skirmishes with Northern troops from 1949 along the 38th paralell
Boasted about using force to unite Koreas

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14
Q

What was phase 1 of the korean war?

A

North Korea captured Seoul- the capital of the SOuth
They pushed UN forces bck by Sept as far as Pusan

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15
Q

When was phase 1 of the Korean war?

A

Jine to Sept 1950

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16
Q

What was phase 2 of the Korean war?

A

MacArthur landed at Inchon behind No Korean lines
By 30 Sept 1950 South orean troops crossed the 38th Parallel

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17
Q

What was US policy in phase 2?

A

Shifted from containment to roll back as outlined in NSC 68

18
Q

What happened by November 1950 in phase 2?

A

MacArthur approached the Yala river. There were fears that the UN might invade bordering China

19
Q

How did China respons to the UN being close to their border?

A

China sent 300,000 troops across the Yala river in October 1950

20
Q

When was phase 3?

A

Dec - June 1951

21
Q

How did Washington respond when UN forces wre driven back?

A

MacArthur wanted to use the atomic bomb, but Britain objected and Truman settled for limited war to expel the North Koreans from the South

22
Q

When did Chinese forces cross the 38th Parallel and capture Seoul?

A

Jan 1951

23
Q

How did the UN react to China capturing Seoul?

A

They condemned China as the aggressor

24
Q

How did Truman respond to MacArthur’s aggression?

A

In April MacArthur was dismissed by Truman for his warmongering

25
Q

How did the Americans change tact in June 1951?

A

They showed a willingness to negotiate with N Korea

26
Q

There were no significant offences in June 1951 - July 1953 how did Stalin and Mao respond?

A

They took it as a sign of a desire for negotiation

27
Q

There were no significant offences in June 1951 - July 193 how did Stalin and Mao respond?

A

They took it as a sign of a desire for negotiation

28
Q

When did Eisenhower win the US election

A

1952

29
Q

Why did Eisenhower win the US election?

A

A desire to end the war

30
Q

Why were there delays in findinga peace settlement?

A

They couldn’t agree over prisoner release

31
Q

What did Eisenhower threaten if no peace agreement was made?

A

To drop the atomic bomb

32
Q

When did talks for peace begin and end?

A

July 1951 - 1953

33
Q

What prompted an agreement with the US?

A

The death of Stalin in March 1953

34
Q

What was the peace settlement?

A

The pre-war status quo with a demilitarised zone along the 38th paralell and all millitary forces withdrawn

35
Q

What were the losses in the war?

A

4 millions lives mainly North Korean

36
Q

Was there a winner?

A

No clear winner both sides claimed a partial victory

37
Q

What did the war prompt the adoption of?

A

NSC-68

38
Q

How did the US react to the end of the war?

A

They became the global police man against communism
They tripled millitary spending
An arms race ensued

39
Q

What effect did the war have on Europe?

A

West Germany was allowed to rearm
A solution of reunifying Germany was lost

40
Q

How did China benefit?

A

They emerged as the world’s third super power with influence over Aisa

41
Q

How did Japan benefit?

A

It boosted their economy as they supplied the US troops
The San Francisco peace treaty restored Japan’s soverreignity and saw US troops withdraw from Japan
The yoshia letter promised a Japanese boycott of trade with China and a commitment to trae with Taiwan
The US bolsertered Japan and Taiwan against China

42
Q

How was the UN seen?

A

It demonstrated its authority but was seen as a tool of the US

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