Alliances and shifts

Question 1

How did Eisenhower differ from Truman?

Answer 1

Eisenhower did not follow a policy of containment but one of alliances

Question 2

What did Eisenhowers foreign policy rely on?

Answer 2

Nuclear weapons not troops

Question 3

When was the Southeast Asia collective defence treaty?

Answer 3

1954

Question 4

Why did the Southeast Asia collective defence treaty come about?

Answer 4

Closer links between China and the USSr

Question 5

Who was in the Southeast Asia collective defence treaty?

Answer 5

New Zealand, Australia, Thailand, France, Pakistan, Phillipines

Question 6

Who was the Chancelor of the Federal Reublic of Germany in 1949?

Answer 6

Konrad Adenuer

Question 7

What did Chancellor Denauer do to strengthen his country?

Answer 7

Joined the council of Erope in Nov 1949

Question 8

What benefits did joining the council of Europe bring to The Fed Republic of Germany?

Answer 8

Representation on the Organisation offor European Economic Cooperation
Rights to establish consulates abroad

Question 9

When did the Fed Republic of Germany win full sovereignity?

Answer 9

In the general treaty 1952. This was the Bonn Paris convention and put an end to the milltary occupation of Germany in 1955

Question 10

What did Adenauer have to agree to in the Genreal treaty 1952 to avoid unsettling the French?

Answer 10

To cap the size of his army
renounce nuclear weapons

Question 11

Why did America support the federal republic of Germany entering NATO?

Answer 11

It strengthened W Germany and meant they could check communist expansionism

Question 12

When was the Warsaw pact?

Answer 12

1955

Question 13

How did USSR respond to the WEst’s decision to allow W Germany to rearm and join NATO?

Answer 13

They immediately recognised GDR (E Germany)
Created the Warsaw Pact

Question 14

Who was in the Warsaw pact?

Answer 14

Czech, Hungary. USSR, Bulgaria, Poland, the GDR, Albania and Romania

Question 15

What impact did the Warsaw pct have?

Answer 15

Consolidated the Soviet political and aconomic control over eastern europe
Provided collective security

Question 16

When was NATO formed?

Answer 16

1949

Question 17

Who was in NATO?

Answer 17

Brit, France, Norway, USA

Question 18

What was the purpose of NATO?

Answer 18

Collecive security
Containment
The NATO secretary general Lord Ismay said the goal was to keep Russians out, Americans in and Germans down
It reduced French and British fear over a strong West Germnay
The US gained millitary bases throughout Europe which air attacks against the Soviets could be launched
Allowed for the future millitary participation of West Germany in defending Europe

Question 19

When was AnZUS formed?

Answer 19

1951

Question 20

Why was ANZUS formed?

Answer 20

Countries such as New Zealand, Australia sw the reconstruction of Japan as creating an economic rival and potential aggressor

Question 21

What did the ANZUS pact allow?

Answer 21

THe USA got the USA to get Australia and New Zealand behind the reconstruction of Japan by allowing collective security

Question 22

How was the ANZUS pact advantageous to the USA?

Answer 22

It guaranteed the help of Australia and New Zealand in the Pacific against communist aggression

Question 23

In what years was there a period of crisis between the USA and USSR?

Answer 23

1948 - 1953

Question 24

What events took place between 1948 and 1953 that led to crisis between the USSR and USA?

Answer 24

Berlin Blockade 1948
USSR developing the atomic bomb 1949
Loss of China to communism 1949
McCarthyism
Korean war 1950 - 53
NSC-68 highlighted the threat of communism
Arms Race

Question 25

How was Eisenhower’s New Look policy similar to Truman’s containment?

Answer 25

Containment
Cultivation of anti communist alliances
Stationing the US millitary around the globe
Financial aids to prop up anti communist govts e.g. Diems govt in S Vietnam

Question 26

How was Eisenhower’s New Look policy different to Truman’s containment?

Answer 26

Eisenower relied heavily on nuclear weapons to reduce th cost of the cold war
Dulles was in favour of a massive retaliation - advocated nuclear weapons should there be acommunist attack
Dulles also advocated brinkmanship - the US would go to the brink of war without being scared
Eisenhower advocated the domino theory - if one country fell o communism they would all topple

Question 27

What were the limitations of New Look?

Answer 27

It wasn’t as aggressive as it portrayed itself
It could not roll back communism in E Europe
The US could not exploit the rebellions in Germany (1953) or Hungary 1956
The policy respected the soverreignity of N Korea after 1953
Retaiation was not popular as people feared a nuclear holocaust as the US and the USSR had the hydrogen bomb by 1953

Question 28

What was McCarthyism?

Answer 28

Senator Joe McCarthy claimed thet the State dept was infested with communists

Question 29

What was the effect of McCarthyism?

Answer 29

It gave a sense of urgency to US foreign policy
Britain increased spending during a time of austerity
The aggression of the US towards N Korea jepardised global security guaranteed by NATO
Keen to stay an ally with the US Britain joined the Korea war

Question 30

What were the reasons for the collapse of the grand alliance in 1945?

Answer 30

Problems over Poland
No long term plan for Germany
US atomic monopoly
Ideological divisions
US commitment to a postwar Liberal democracy

Question 31

What are the key dates 1946 - 1948?

Answer 31

Feb 1946 Kennan sent his long telegram
March 1946 Churchill delivered the Iron Curtain speech
June 1946 the communist led democratic bloc won the Polish elections
October 1946 Communists won 75% of the vote in Bulgaria
November 1946 Communists won 80% of votes in Romania
March 1947 Truman announces his doctrine
Sept 1947 Cominform created
June 1948 Communists control Czech