China Flashcards
Who fought against each other in the Chinese civil war?
People’s Nationalist Party v the chinese communist party
What is the Chinese name for the People National Party?
Kuomintang (KMT)
When was the Chinese Civil War?
1927 - 1949
What triggered a full scale civil war in China?
Japan used to occupy China but they pulled out and it triggered full scale civil war
Who was the leader of KMT?
Chiang Kai-shek aka Jiang Jieshi
What were the aims of Chiang Kai-shek
He wanted to use American support to take full control of China,
What did America want Chiang Kai Shek to do?
Enact reforms but he refused as he was corupt
Who was the founder member nd chairman of the CCP?
Mao Zedong
When was Mao Zedong involved in the CCP?
1921 till his death in 1976
What was the attitude of the CCP towards Japan
They were communists who resisted Japan’s rule
In the North they established liberation areas, introduced popular reforms and seized weapons left by the Japanese
What did the CCP army total?
1 million
What was the name of the Chinese Communist Party army?
People’s Liberation Army
What was Stalin’s involvement with China?
Instructed Mao to form a coalition government with Chiang
Advised Mao not to seize power so as not to upset the WEst
The USSR was an onlooker reluctant to get involved in China
Who did the USA support?
After 1941 because of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour US supported Chiang Kai-shek
They did not want to get involved but they did not want to see a communist take over of China either
They did not want to see a civil war that involved the USSR
What did the USA advise Chiang?
To form a coalition
Sent George Marshall to arrange a truce in 1945, but it collapsed in 1946
How did the Americans support Chiang?
Money, equipment and training
By 1947 they had spent 200 million dollars on the KMT army
How many were in the KMT (national Rev Army of China) army?
3 million (1947)
When did the US stop supporting the KMT Kuomintang party? (socialist)
By 1948 a communist victory seemed imminent and they stopped
Why did the KMT not succeed?
Corruption
Desertion of army members
What were the victories of the CCP?
Their army the PLA captured Bejing in 1949
April 1949 Nanjing fell
Chiang fled to Taiwan
When did Mao declare the Peopl’es Republic of China?
October 1949 Chairman Mao declared it
What was the US response to the creation of the People’s Republic of China?
They refused to recognise it
What was the impact of the Chinese civil war on the US?
Shifted US focus to Asia
Led the US to support and aid Taiwan
Truman was seen as soft on communism
It prompted the National Security Council’s report (NSC- 68) in 1950 to reiterate the threat posed by the USSR
What triggered McCarthyism?
The chinese civil war
What was McCarthyism?
An anti communist crusade led by Senator McCarthyagainst government foreign policy advisers
What did the US National security council report-68 advise>
Reconstrustion of Japan
Expansion of conventional and nuclear weapons
Due to the expense Truman decided not to pursue thisor Korean confrontation
What treaty did China and the USSR sign?
A Sino-Soviet treaty 1950
