Korean/Indian Architecture Flashcards
Common court dances are _____ (정재무) performed at banquets, and ilmu (일무),
performed at Korean Confucian rituals.
jeongjaemu
The earliest paintings found on the Korean peninsula are ______ of prehistoric times.
petroglyphs
Korea was united by
_______ of
the Goryeo Dynasty in
936.
Emperor Taejo
as the officers of civil and military servants
Yangban
as the upper class
Chungin
as the commoners
Sangmin
as the vulgar commoners.
Cheomin
Korean measurement or also knowns as the
kan
dolmen, primitive tombs, primitive houses.
Ancient Korean Period
Three Kingdoms Period
ancient Korea kingdoms of Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla
Unification of the Korean peninsula into the kingdom of United Silla, Buddhism introduced to
Korea from China during the T’ang Dynasty in China. Developed into unique cultural identity.
Buddhist temples and Pagoda
United Silla Period
Inspired by Buddhism. Magnificent temples and pagoda. most of the architecture of this time
was built of wood, little has survived to the present day
Goryeo Period
Neo-Confucianism inspired new architectural paradigms. Jaesil, or clan memorial halls,
became common in many villages,
Joseon Period
a composite building material used
for making walls,
Wattle and daub
the craft of building
a roof with dry vegetation such
as straw, water reed, sedge
Thatching
Column Head Bracket
Jusimpo
Multi Bracket System
Dapo
simplefied bracket
Ikgong
Gable roof system
Matbae
Hipped Roof System
Wingak
Hip and Gable
Paliak
is defined as from
the 14th century to the beginning of
20th century.
Joseon architecture
Normal houses were usually built without the use of brackets, which
is called
mindori style
is a term to
describe Korean traditional houses.
HANOK
meaning that the ideal house is built with a mountain in the back
and a river in the front
baesanimsu
hanoks are more open and L-shaped
In the south
a floor- based heating system
‘Ondol (Gudeul)
a cool wooden-floor style hall were
devised long ago to help Koreans survive
‘Daecheong,’
to enclose the central living space
Northern Layout
(Square) layout
to oprimize airflow
straight-line-layout
combine the northern and southern styles
Central Region (L layout)
Hanok have their own tile roofs called
Giwa
is the edge of Hanok’s curvy roof
Cheoma
is a lubricated with beam oil
Hanji
(houses with
tiled roofs) Hanok
occupied by the nobility
Giwajip
(houses with
straw-thatched roofs)
Hanok inhabited by the
peasantry.
Chogajip
The wooden floor was made to store grains
and link rooms. It was also
used as a place of sacrificial
ancestral worship.
Maru
Made by putting
mud over under-floor
heating stones, is a
main feature of traditional
Korean houses.
Ondol
If you look closely at Korea’s
roofs, you’ll see the no roofs are flat.
Almost all are in shapes of curved lines and surfaces.
Giwa
Korean paper made from
bark of mulberry tree) is
pasted on the wooden
window frames and
doorframes.
Hanji
is
a large, gender-segregated public
bathhouse in Korea.
Jjimjilbang
Jjimjil is derived from
the words
meaning
headed bath
Traditional Korean
entrance gate
MUNGAN CHAE
Part
of the roof protruding
outside.
CHEOMA (eaves)
Edge of the eaves slightly angled
up, like a bird’s wing
ready to take off.
CHEOMAKKEUT
traditional
wooden architecture
specifically to the
woodworkers who employ
the traditional carpentry
techniques.
DAEMOKJANG
Male
quarters inside a hanok
SARANGBANG
female
quarters inside a hanok
ANBANG
is literally the belted grid and the up-right
diagonal floral design; and their unlimited
variations and combinations.
ttisal-mun
the central component in
the Korean national flag.
t’aeguk pattern
The basic characteristics of the are the red comma shape, the male element, and
beneath it the blue comma shape, the female
element, both of which interlock in a circle to
express infinite movement.
t’aeguk pattern
connotes the patterns painted on the exposed frames
of the eaves or doors of traditional wooden buildings and is also used on wooden
sculptures and handicrafts
Tanch’long
was used not only for decorative purposes but
also for preservation, by concealing flaws of exposed naked wooden frames. It was
widely used as a decorative motif in palatial and temple buildings. Lotus,
pomegranate, and other floral designs form the major tanch’ long patterns in the
extant royal palaces and temples.
Tanch‘long
Roof end tile shaped like an owl’s tail
chimi
Buddhism, the brightly colored patterns of
danch’eong adorn the ceilings, eaves,
support pillars, and walls of temple
buildings.
Danch’eong: Enlightenment
is one of the
most ornate Buddhist
temples in South Korea.
Pulguksa Temple, South
Korea
is a temple complex from the
Old Silla era of Korea.
Bunhwangsa
built during
the Silla period, under the
patronage of the Silla royal family, on a plain encircled by mountains
near the royal palace compound
of Banwolseong (Half-Moon Palace).
Hwangnyongsa
is a head temple of the Jogye
Order of Korean Buddhism. It stands on the slopes of Moaksan in Gimje City,
Jeollabukdo, South Korea.
Geumsansa
also known as
the Pyramid of the East, is
thought to be the burial tomb
of King Gwanggaeto or his
son King Jangsu, both kings of
the Korean
kingdom of Goguryeo.
The Tomb of the
General
The hot dry season
is from
March or June
The hot dry season
is from
March or June
The rainy monsoon season
-The wet season for most of Indonesia is from
September to March
The rainy monsoon season
-The wet season for most of Indonesia is from
September to March
The characteristic Architecture of Indonesia such as
timber construction,
varied and elaborate roof structures.
The characteristic Architecture of Indonesia such as
timber construction,
varied and elaborate roof structures.
Religious structures
large and sophisticated, tower-like
structures
Complek Candi Arjuna
Religious structures
large and sophisticated, tower-like
structures
Complek Candi Arjuna
the largest temple compound dedicated to Shiva in Indonesia.
Prambanan temple
is the world’s biggest Buddhist monument, an ancient site widely considered to be one of the world’s seven wonders.
Borobudur Temple
Largest Buddhist temple in the world
Temple of the Countless Buddhas.”
Largest Buddhist temple in the world
Temple of the Countless Buddhas.”
“top of the hill
building”
Gala Mosque, Tembayat
Acehnese traditional houses called
“Rumoh Aceh”.
seuramoë keuë
front porch
seuramoë Teungoh
central foyer
seuramoë likot
(back porch)
umoh Dapu
(home kitchen)
umoh Dapu
(home kitchen)
Batak indigenous group symbolizing
“standing buffalo”
The traditional house of West
Sumatra, especially from
ethnic Minangkabau called
“Rumah Gadang”
hornlike
hornlike
triangular wall under the ends of gonjong
singkok
triangular wall under the ends of gonjong
singkok
shelf under the singkok
pereng
raised floor at the end of one style of rumah gadang
anjuang
the walls on the side elevations
dindiang ari
the walls on the front and back elevations
dindiang tapi
front façade
papan banyak
a shelf or middle band on the periphery of the house
house
papan sakapiang
wall enclosing space under a house that has been built on stilt
stilt
salangko
traditionally made of plaited strips of bamboo
dindiang tapi
is a vernacular architecture tradition of Balinese people
Balinese architecture
“Let us prove that we can also build the country like the Europeans and
Americans do because we are equal”
Sukarno
modern mosque that is shaped as a cube
Al-Irsyad Mosque
Currently the tallest
building in Indonesia.
Wisma 46
‘spa in the sky’
Sahid Perdana Towers
‘spa in the sky’
Sahid Perdana Towers
is the last
tower, the most luxurious and the
tallest among Pakubuwono Residence
(5 tower) and Pakubowno View
Pakubowono Signature
is the last
tower, the most luxurious and the
tallest among Pakubuwono Residence
(5 tower) and Pakubowno View
Pakubowono Signature
a symbol of the monarchy.
Garuda
Rama III had either one of the two
distinctive characteristics (in or out)
Rattanakosin/ The Bangkok Style
Two main roofs intersect at right angles, in cruciform plan, with spire rising at
the intersection
Throne Room of the Royal Grand Palace, Bangkok
elongated columns and surrounded by
prachedi
Wat Phra Kaew
originally built by King
Rama VI as residence for favoured
aide
Government House, Bangkok
Built by King
Rama I as a residence for one
of his queens
Tamnak Daeng
Believed to be the world’s largest
building made entirely of golden
teak
Summer House of King
Chulalongkorn
an open pavilion used as a
meeting place and to protect
people from sun and rain
Sala Tha
It also is a ‘living room’ and a
hub for community social
gatherings and village activities.
Sala
Some authorities
believe they represent
a pair of buffalo horns.
Kalae
is properly used to
refer only to
a Buddhist
site with resident
monks
wat
where monks perform ceremonies,
meditate and sermonize
Ubosot or Bot
large consecrated
spheres buried under a
temple’s boundary stone
Luk Nimit
Cloister like-galleries around the
Bot/Ubosot
Phra rabieng
usually the busiest building in a
Wat and open to everyone
Viharn (teaching Hall)
guardian lion at the entrance of the
viharn
Singha
a reliquary, in the form of a
miniature chedi,
Ku
is reserved for monks to perform
ceremonies,
The Bot
These are sacred boundary stones, used to demarcate the sacred ground of the bot and to keep away evil spirits.
Bai Semas
is used by laypeople to
make their offering before a large
Buddha figure
Viharn
which are towering phallic spires as can be seen in the famous Wat Arun
Prang
means, ‘tassel of air
Chofa
is a square
-based
structure topped with either a
cruciform roof or a spire
Mondop
The naga (dragon) is called
nak
sadung
bargeboard that covers the end of the
gable, preventing the roof tiles from falling off
Pan Lom
“sky cluster”
Chofa
meaning “elephant ears”
Hu Chang
a bejeweled sacred umbrella that
sits at the topmost part of the chedi
Hti
Burmese-style sacred gilded
filigree parasol that are
usually installed at the
corners of the railings
enclosing the chedi
Chad
Recognizable because it has a tall
chimney
Crematorium
Open-sided pavilion or preaching hall.
Sala Kan Prian
Open-sided pavilion or preaching hall.
Sala Kan Prian
Bhodi Tree or a Buddha Footprint
This hall acts as a meeting place for
Pilgrims.
The Minor Salas
These are the monks’ living quarters
and dormitories and are usually in a separate
compound.
Sanghawat
Bell tower
HO RAKANG
(half man, half bird)
Garuda
They are common as guardians of the gates in Buddhist temples throughout the country since at least the 14th century.
Yaksha
Covered with special clay
tiles ______ with metal
gutters.
jhingati
a mound forming a Buddhist
sacred monument
STUPA
the tower or spire of a medieval Hindu temple
SIKHARA
a multi-storied shrine-like tower, originally an Buddhist monument
crowned by a stupa.
PAGODA
the sanctuary of a classical temple,
containing the statue of a god
CELLA
any overhanging member projecting
from a wall to support a weight
such as a cornice
BRACKET
brace which resists thrusts in the direction of its own length, may be
upright, diagonal or horizontal
STRUT
a mound of earth or stone protecting a tomb chamber or simple grave
TUMULUS
a landing place or platform on
the bank of a river
GHAT
an ornament which
terminates the point
of a spire
FINIAL
Square base which has a
large pair of human eyes –
symbolizes the “All Seeing
One.”
SWAYAMBHUNATH STUPA, Katmandu
Famous as the richest piece of art in the whole Kingdom.
Golden Gate
Dedicated to Lord Shiva the guardian deity of Nepal
PASUPAT NATH
TEMPLE
one of Shiva’s forms.
The Kali (black) Bhairabis
One of the oldest Hindu
temples of the valley
dedicated to Vishnu
constructed in the 3rd c.
CHANGU NARAYAN TEMPLE
Also known as Bhaktpur(Bhaktapur) “city of devotee”.
BHADGAON
Contain ashes of a famous Saints or Lamas.
CHORTENS
Also known as ling
GOMPAS
paintings of the four World Guardian Kings called
“Lokapalas”
monks recite or sing holy
texts
Assembly Hall
symbolic of overcoming adversity
and defilement
VICTORY BANNER
Home to ten successive Dalai Lamas and their courts.
THE WHITE PALACE
Home to ten successive Dalai Lamas and their courts.
THE WHITE PALACE
built under the patronage of Princess Wencheng, also has undergone 4 repairs and expansion.
Ramoche Temple
“Doctrine of the Elders”
Theravada Buddhism
the tall finger-like spire, usually richly carved, common to much Khmer religious architecture.
Prang
a passageway running along the wall of an enclosure or along the
axis of a temple, often open to one or both sides.
Gallery
an entrance building.
GOPURA
The pillars of the galleries are decorated with carved
designs OF APSARAS
Hall of Dancers
common feature of Khmer temple architecture,
but their true purpose remains unknown.
Library
were reservoirs, generally
created by excavation and embankment,
respectively
Srah and baray
are individual figures, groups of figures, or entire
scenes cut into stone walls as sculpted images projecting from a
background.
Bas-relief
are individual figures, groups of figures, or entire
scenes cut into stone walls as sculpted images projecting from a
background.
Bas-relief
were narrow decorative columns
that served as supports for the beams and
lintels above doorways or windows.
Colonette
prevented the Angkorian engineers from constructing large openings or spaces in buildings roofed with stone, and made such buildings particularly prone to collapse once they were no longer maintained.
Corbelling
are causeways or true
bridges lined by stone balustrades shaped as nāgas.
Nāga bridges
are causeways or true
bridges lined by stone balustrades shaped as nāgas.
Nāga bridges
is a spatial arrangement of five elements, with four elements placed as the corners of a square and the fifth placed in the center.
Quincunx
is a well-known and richly decorated Khmer temple at Angkor in Cambodia.
Bayon
is a temple complex in Cambodia and the largest religious
monument in the world,
Angkor Watt
started by Suryavarman I Completed by Jayavarman VI
ANGKOR WAT
started by Suryavarman I Completed by Jayavarman VI
ANGKOR WAT
Known as Preah Thineang Dheava Vinnichayyeaah
Throne Hall
Known as Preah Thineang Dheava Vinnichayyeaah
Throne Hall
Known as Preah Thineang Chan Chhaya
Moonlight Pavilion
It features a royal temple officially called as Preah
Vihear Keo Morakot
Silver Pagoda
is the common English name for a building called Prasat Khemarin
[prasat (temple or palace) Khmer + Indra] or in Khmer meaning the “Palace of the Khmer
King”.
Khemarin Palace
