Kohlberg

Question 1

Outline the background to Kohlbergs study into moral development

Answer 1

-The Freudian perspective would explain morality as the development of the superego
-The behaviourist perspective can explain morality as observing and imitating role models
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Jean Piguet
put forward a cognitive account of moral developmet, he looked at two ways of thinking
AUTONOMOUS MORAL REASONING- takes into account the intent of the person committing the action. The worse the Acton’s the worse the punishment should be.
HETERONOMOUS MORAL REASONING weighs the outcome of the action o determine how bad it is. The worse the action is and the worse

Question 2

What was the aim of Kohlbergs study

Answer 2

He aimed to reduce research that supported his theory of stages of moral development

Question 3

Outline the sample used in Kohlbergs study

Answer 3

-75 American boys for 12 years
Started between 10-16 years old
Ended at 22-28 years old

Question 4

Outline the procedure used by Kohlbergs

Answer 4

-Every boy was presented with a hypothetical moral dilemma every three years during the 12 year period
-Using the answer given Kohlbergs ranked hem in his 6 categories for stages of moral development

Question 5

Outline how Kohlbergs study can be sen as longitudinal

Answer 5

Due to te fact that it took place over 12 years

Question 6

Explain how Kohlberg can be seen as not ethnocentric

Answer 6

The study was carried out n 6 different countries
-Taiwan
-Great Britain
-Turkey
-Malaysia
-Canada
-Mexico

Question 7

Outline the names of the stages of moral devepment

Answer 7

PRE CONVENTIONAL
Stage 1- obedience and punishment orientation
Stage 2 -self interest orientation
CONVENTIONAL
Stage 3 -conformity to expectations and rules
Stage 4 -authority and social order orientation
POST CONVENTIONAL
Stage 5-social contract orientation
Stage 6 -universal and ethical principles

Question 8

Outline what is meant by the pre conventional stages of moral development

Answer 8

Stage 1 (obedience and punishment orientation)
-Child is listens to rules out of fear of getting punished

Stage 2 (self interest orientation)
-Everything you do is done to benefit yourself

Question 9

Outline what is meant by the conventional stages of moral development

Answer 9

Stage 3 (conformity to expectations and rules)
-You behave in a way where you worry about what others think about you

Stage 4 (authority and social order orientation)
-You think about what is best for society and not for yourself

Question 10

Outline what is meant by post-conventional moral stages of development

Answer 10

Stage 5 (social contract orientation)]
-child does what is right base on law plus personal values and opinions, sees laws as changeable

Stage 6 (universal ethical principles)
-hold now bases rights off universal human rights of justice, equality, reciprocity and respect for the individual capable of looking from many different angles / perspectives