knowledge test Carbon Flashcards

1
Q

What is a closed system?

A

When there are no inputs or outputs apart from energy

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2
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

When the effects of an action are amplified by other knock-on effects

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3
Q

What is dynamic equilibrium?

A

There is a balance between inputs and outputs

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4
Q

What % of carbon is stored in the Lithosphere?

A

99.985

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5
Q

What are the factors driving change in the magnitude of carbon stores in the Biosphere?

A

photosynthesis
respiration
combustion
decomposition

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6
Q

What are the factors driving changed in the magnitude of carbon stores in the hydrosphere?

A

diffusion
calcification
compaction
ventilation

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7
Q

When is the concentration of carbon lowest in the atmosphere in the northern hemisphere?

A

Summer

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8
Q

Which of the following are fluxes?

Diffusion
Plants
Ventilation
Phytoplankton
Photosynthesis
Combustion
A

Diffusion
Ventilation
Photosynthesis
Combustion

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9
Q

Which of the following are sinks?

Agriculture
Oceans
 Humans
Fires
Hydrocarbons
 Rainforest
A

Oceans
Hydrocarbons
Rainforest

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10
Q

What are the human factors affecting the carbon cycle?

···

A

Agriculture,
Hydrocarbons,
Deforestation,
Land use change

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11
Q

What is weathering?
···
/

A

the breakdown of rock in situ``

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12
Q

Which sphere absorbs the most amount of carbon?

A

Atmosphere

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13
Q

The greatest exchange of carbon is between which spheres:

A

Atmosphere and biosphere

Atmosphere and hydrosphere

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14
Q

How does the carbon cycle change over time due to natural variation?

A

Cold temperatures
Hot temperatures
Volcanic eruptions
Wildfires

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15
Q

What is responsible for between 2.4 - 5% of global emissions?

A

Cement production

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16
Q

What is the term used to describe when more CO2 leads to more photosynthesis and more plant growth?

A

carbon fertilisation

17
Q

What is the term when humans make the greenhouse effect worse?

A

enhanced green house effect

18
Q

What impact does the diffusion of CO2 into the ocean have?

A

acidification

19
Q

Is reduction in albedo and melting of ice an example of positive or negative feedback?

20
Q

Which 2 things are part of the slow carbon cycle?

A

Weathering

Compaction

21
Q

From smallest to largest carbon store which is correct?

A

Biosphere, Atmosphere, Cryosphere, Pedosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere

22
Q

Give an example of either positive or negative feedback on the land
···

A

Negative or positive feedback? - more CO2 leads to more plant growth, which leads to more CO2 being absorbed and therefore less CO2 in the atmosphere
Negative or positive feedback? - increase in temperatures, leads to increase in decomposition and therefore more CO2, which leads to higher temperatures

23
Q

Which type of radiation is incoming?

24
Q

The average temperature of the planet in degrees celsius is?

25
Greenhouse gases released by humans are known as?
Anthropogenic
26
What does RCP stand for? | ···
representative concentration pathways
27
What are the 4 impacts of the carbon cycle on the ocean?
ocean acidification, sea level change, albedo, ocean salinity
28
What is the word used to describe attempts to slow down the process of global climate change, usually by lowering the level of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere
Mitigation
29
What is one advantage and one disadvantage of Carbon Capture Storage?
Advantage - captures 90%, traps the CO2 and stops it entering the atmosphere Disadvantage - very expensive, does not reduce our reliance on hydrocarbons
30
What is average annual rainfall in the rainforest?
2000mm
31
If you cut down the rainforest which of the following decreases? ``` Precipitation Transpiration Runoff Infiltration Interception ```
Precipitation Transpiration Infiltration Interception
32
What happens to the carbon cycle if the rainforest is cut down?
Photosynthesis ceases | Ash increases carbon content of soil
33
What are the two factors which affect securing a sustainable water supply in the River Exe Catchment?
Wimbleball Reservoir Peatland Restoration Exmoor Mires Project
34
Why is there a long lag time in the River Exe catchment?
70% of the land is grassland