Knee Region Flashcards
Largest joint in the Body?
Tibiofemoral Joint
What type of joint is the Tibiofemoral jont?
Hinge synovial joint
What is the normal ROM of the knee?
0-140 deg
T or F
the knee joint has 3 Degrees of Freedom
FALSE
The knee joint only has 1 Degree of freedom: Flex & Extend
T or F
the knee joint can’t withstand large amount of forces
FALSE
Can withstand large amount of forces
Lateral femoral condyle is oriented more ___ than medial femoral condyle
Lateral femoral condyle is oriented more anterior than medial femoral condyle
Landmarks of the Q-angle
ASIS, patella, Tibial tubercle
Q-angle
Normal range for male and female?
○ If decreased associated to bow legs
○ If increased associated to knock knees
Normal for male: 13°; female: 18°
○ If decreased associated to bow legs
○ If increased associated to knock knees
Q angle
○ If decreased associated with?
○ If increased associated with?
Normal for male: 13°; female: 18°
○ If decreased associated to bow legs
○ If increased associated to knock knees
Q-ANGLE/PATELLOFEMORAL ANGLE is also known as?
Quadriceps angle
Oblique longitudinal anatomical axis of femur and vertical longitudinal anatomical axis of tibia
MEDIAL TIBIOFEMORAL ANGLE
Landmarks for Medial Tibiofemoral angle
Landmarks: femoral head
○ bet intercondylar tubercles
○ talar head
Normal range: (M tibiofemoral angle)
★ Creating physiologic valgus: 5 deg
○ Increased ?
○ Decreased ?
Normal range:
★ Creating physiologic valgus: 5 deg
○ Increased (>185): Genu valgum/Knock knees
○ Decreased (<175): Genu varum/Bow leg
Articulations of the PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT
★ A: patella and femur
What is the largest sesamoid bone in the body?
Patella
★ Most incongruent joint in the body
PATELLOFEMORAL JOINT
Facets/ridges: (patellafemoral)
Facets/ridges:
○ Superior pole, inferior pole
○ Medial and lateral facet
○ Odd facet
■ Extreme medial edge of patella
★ During extension patella goes superiorly into?
femoral sulcus
Most common direction of dislocation of patella:
Lateral
Patellar Loading Activity: (how many times the body wieght?)
Walking
Climbing stairs
Descending stairs
Squatting
Walking 0.3x BW
Climbing stairs 2.5x BW
Descending stairs 3.5x BW
Squatting 7x BW
Patellar malalignment leading to problems of?
patellar tracking
★ Encloses patellofemoral and tibiofemoral joints
★ Keeps the joint lubricated
★ Reinforced by other structures(subcrureus)
★ Two layers: Synovial (inner), Fibrous (outer)
JOINT CAPSULE
Special test for OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS
Wilcon’s test: The test is positive when the patient reports pain in the knee about 30° from full extension and
when by rotating the foot back (externally rotation of the tibia) in it’s normal position the pain disappears.
★ Bursa connected to synovial joint capsule
★ Suprapatellar bursa
★ Subpopliteal bursa
★ Gastrocnemius bursa
KNEE BURSA
What is the affected bursa if the condition is Housemaid’s knee?
Housemaid’s knee: prepatellar
What is the affected structure if the condition is Vicar’s knee and Clergy’s knee?
Vicar’s knee and Clergy’s knee: infrapatellar
What is the affected structure if the condition is Baker’s cyst?
Baker’s cyst/Popliteal cyst
Function of the MENISCI
○ Enhance joint congruence
○ Distribute weight-bearing forces
○ Reduces friction
○ Shock absorbers
OKC: ER of tibia on the last 30 degrees of knee extension (Norkin)
★ Brunstromm: last 20 degrees Levangie: last 5 degrees
★ Levangie: last 5 degrees
★ Popliteus unlocks the knee
★ Knee ext: OTER-CFIR
SCREW HOME MECHANISM/LOCKING OF THE KNEE
a softening of the articular cartilage on the posterior surface of the patella which may eventually lead to fibrillation, fissuring, and erosion.
Chondromalacia Patella
Children; running, jumping, swift changes of direction (soccer, bball)
Clinical assessment: tender tibial tubercle
Osgood Schlatter
★ bone underneath the cartilage of a joint dies due to lack of blood flow
★ distal femur, specifically in the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle
OSTEOCHONDRITIS DISSECANS
★ pain on the anterior aspect of the knee associated with
clicking or popping
★ patella and the tibiofemoral joint
Patellar plica
Medial and lateral
★ Fibrocartilaginous disc
★ “MCLO”
MENISCI
