Cardiopulmo

Question 1

Location of the heart

Answer 1

Thorax between the lungs
o Pointed apex directed toward the left hip
o Base oriented toward the right shoulder

Question 2

Coverings of the heart

Answer 2

Pericardium
o Fibrous pericardium
o Serous pericardium

Question 3

T or F
- Visceral pericardium: next to the lungs
- Parietal pericardium: outer layer

Answer 3

FALSE
- Visceral pericardium: next to the heart
- Parietal pericardium: outer layer

Question 4

What fills the space (pericardial cavity) between the layers
of visceral and parietal pericardium?
what is its functio?

Answer 4

Serous fluid
- to reduce friction

Question 5

Outermost layer
o Also known as visceral pericardium

Answer 5

Epicardium

Question 6

Middle layer
Mostly cardiac muscle

Answer 6

Myocardium

Question 7

Inner layer
Composed of endothelium

Answer 7

Endocardium

Question 8

Right and left sides act as separate pumps of the heart
what divides these part?

Answer 8

Interatrial Septum

Question 9

T or F
Aorta: receiving chambers (right & left atrium)
Ventricles: discharging chambers (right & left ventricle)

Answer 9

FALSE
Atria: receiving chambers (right & left atrium)
o Ventricles: discharging chambers (right & left ventricle)

Question 10

Purpose of valves?

Answer 10

To prevent back flow

Question 11

Allows blood to flow in only one direction

Answer 11

Valves

Question 12

Valves between ventricle and artery

Answer 12

Pulmonary semilunar valve
- Aortic semilunar valve

Question 13

Atrioventricular valves:

Answer 13

Bicuspid (mitral) valve (left side)
- Tricuspid valve (right side)

Question 14

Intrinsic conduction system (nodal
system; neurovascular structure)

Answer 14

Conduction system of the heart

Question 15

T or F
Heart epithelium cells contract, without nerve impulses, in regular, continuous way

Answer 15

FALSE
Heart muscle cells contract,
without nerve impulses, in regular,
continuous way

Question 16

T or F
The impulse that will make the
heart contract is produced and
transmitted spontaneously outside the heart

Answer 16

FALSE
The impulse that will make the
heart contract is produced and
transmitted spontaneously within
the heart itself

Question 17

Specialized neurovascular tissue
(Conduction system)

Answer 17

Specialized neurovascular tissue
Atrioventricular node (AV node)
Atrioventricular bundle (AV bundle)
Right & left bundle branches
Purkinje fibers:

Question 18

pacemaker; initiates heart
contraction

Answer 18

SA node

Question 19

located in the
subendocardium to transmit
impulse to the cardiac muscle
fibers and allow contraction to
occur

Answer 19

Purkinje fibers:

Question 20

T or F
When atria relax, the ventricles
contract

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

Systole:
diastole:

Answer 21

Systole: contraction;
diastole: relaxation

Question 22

Take blood to the tissues and back

Answer 22

Arteries
Arterioles
o Capillaries
o Venules
o Veins

Question 23

Layers of the blood vessels

Answer 23

Tunica intima:
Tunica media:
Tunica externa:

Question 24

Tunica intima:
Tunica media:
Tunica externa:

Answer 24

Tunica intima: composed of endothelium
Tunica media: composed of smooth muscle; controlled by
sympathetic nervous system
Tunica externa: mostly composed of fibrous connective tissue

Question 25

T or F Walls of arteries are the thickest with round lumen (cavity within a tubular structure)

Answer 25

TRUE

Question 26

T or F Walls of veins are thinner with small lumen

Answer 26

FALSE Walls of veins are thinner with large lumen

Question 27

T or F Walls of capillaries are only three cell layer thick (simple epithelium) to allow for exchanges between blood and tissue

Answer 27

FALSE Walls of capillaries are only one cell layer thick (simple epithelium) to allow for exchanges between blood and tissue

Question 28

Characteristic of Hypertension

Answer 28

High systolic (above 140 mmHg) o Can be dangerous if it is chronic

Question 29

Characteristic of hypotension

Answer 29

Low systolic (below 110mmHg) o Often associated with illness

Question 30

Normal range of BP

Answer 30

110-140 systole 80-75 diastole

Question 31

T or F 140 mmHg systole can be normal for the elderly

Answer 31

TRUE

Question 32

pressure at the peak of the ventricular contraction

Answer 32

Systole

Question 33

pressure when ventricles relax

Answer 33

Diastole

Question 34

T or F Blood pressure: measurements are made on the pressure in large veins

Answer 34

FALSE Blood pressure: measurements are made on the pressure in large arteries

Question 35

What is Monitored at “pressure points” where pulse is easily palpated

Answer 35

Blood Pressure

Question 36

Process of breathing; inhaling air into and exhaling stale air from the lungs

Answer 36

Respiration:

Question 37

Process by which exchange of gases takes place between a biological system and its environment

Answer 37

Respiration:

Question 38

PARTS Upper respiratory tract (conducting portion): only a pathway of air

Answer 38

- Nose - Pharynx - Larynx - Trachea - Bronchi - Bronchioles — terminal bronchioles

Question 39

PARTS Lower respiratory tract (respiratory portion): gas exchange occurs

Answer 39

- Respiratory bronchioles - Alveolar ducts - Alveolar sacs - Alveoli

Question 40

T or F The mouth is two nasal cavities divided by the nasal septum

Answer 40

FALSE The nose is two nasal cavities divided by the nasal septum

Question 41

Openings of the nose

Answer 41

Opening: anterior naris, nostril, or nasal orifice

Question 42

Nasal cavity proper (Parts)

Answer 42

o Roof: ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal, and nasal bones o Floor: maxilla (palatine process), palatine o Medial wall: vomer o Lateral wall: nasal conchae/turbinates (superior, middle, inferior)

Question 43

Each nasal cavity is divided into:

Answer 43

o Vestibule: vibrissae o Nasal cavity proper: limen nasi

Question 44

2 types of Mucosa

Answer 44

o Olfactory o Respiratory

Question 45

volume of air that fills the passages where there is no gas exchange

Answer 45

Anatomical dead space

Question 46

alveolar and anatomical dead space

Answer 46

Physiologic dead space

Question 47

sum of all volumes (6000ml) (lung capacity)

Answer 47

Total lung capacity (TLC)

Question 48

amount of air left in the lungs at the end of normal expiration = ERV + RV = 2400ml

Answer 48

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

Question 49

amount of air left in the lungs following maximum expiration (1200 ml)

Answer 49

Residual volume (RV)

Question 50

amount of air exhaled in maximum expiration followed by maximum inspiration = TV + ERV + IRV = 4700ml

Answer 50

Vital capacity (VC)