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GROSS ANATOMY > Cardiopulmo > Flashcards

Cardiopulmo Flashcards

1
Q

Location of the heart

A

Thorax between the lungs
o Pointed apex directed toward the left hip
o Base oriented toward the right shoulder

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2
Q

Coverings of the heart

A

Pericardium
o Fibrous pericardium
o Serous pericardium

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3
Q

T or F
- Visceral pericardium: next to the lungs
- Parietal pericardium: outer layer

A

FALSE
- Visceral pericardium: next to the heart
- Parietal pericardium: outer layer

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4
Q

What fills the space (pericardial cavity) between the layers
of visceral and parietal pericardium?
what is its functio?

A

Serous fluid
- to reduce friction

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5
Q

Outermost layer
o Also known as visceral pericardium

A

Epicardium

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6
Q

Middle layer
Mostly cardiac muscle

A

Myocardium

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7
Q

Inner layer
Composed of endothelium

A

Endocardium

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8
Q

Right and left sides act as separate pumps of the heart
what divides these part?

A

Interatrial Septum

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9
Q

T or F
Aorta: receiving chambers (right & left atrium)
Ventricles: discharging chambers (right & left ventricle)

A

FALSE
Atria: receiving chambers (right & left atrium)
o Ventricles: discharging chambers (right & left ventricle)

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10
Q

Purpose of valves?

A

To prevent back flow

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11
Q

Allows blood to flow in only one direction

A

Valves

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12
Q

Valves between ventricle and artery

A

Pulmonary semilunar valve
- Aortic semilunar valve

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13
Q

Atrioventricular valves:

A

Bicuspid (mitral) valve (left side)
- Tricuspid valve (right side)

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14
Q

Intrinsic conduction system (nodal
system; neurovascular structure)

A

Conduction system of the heart

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15
Q

T or F
Heart epithelium cells contract, without nerve impulses, in regular, continuous way

A

FALSE
Heart muscle cells contract,
without nerve impulses, in regular,
continuous way

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16
Q

T or F
The impulse that will make the
heart contract is produced and
transmitted spontaneously outside the heart

A

FALSE
The impulse that will make the
heart contract is produced and
transmitted spontaneously within
the heart itself

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17
Q

Specialized neurovascular tissue
(Conduction system)

A

Specialized neurovascular tissue
Atrioventricular node (AV node)
Atrioventricular bundle (AV bundle)
Right & left bundle branches
Purkinje fibers:

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18
Q

pacemaker; initiates heart
contraction

A

SA node

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19
Q

located in the
subendocardium to transmit
impulse to the cardiac muscle
fibers and allow contraction to
occur

A

Purkinje fibers:

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20
Q

T or F
When atria relax, the ventricles
contract

A

TRUE

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21
Q

Systole:
diastole:

A

Systole: contraction;
diastole: relaxation

22
Q

Take blood to the tissues and back

A

Arteries
Arterioles
o Capillaries
o Venules
o Veins

23
Q

Layers of the blood vessels

A

Tunica intima:
Tunica media:
Tunica externa:

24
Q

Tunica intima:
Tunica media:
Tunica externa:

A

Tunica intima: composed of endothelium
Tunica media: composed of smooth muscle; controlled by
sympathetic nervous system
Tunica externa: mostly composed of fibrous connective tissue

25
Q

T or F
Walls of arteries are the thickest with round lumen (cavity within a tubular structure)

A

TRUE

26
Q

T or F
Walls of veins are thinner with small lumen

A

FALSE
Walls of veins are thinner with large
lumen

27
Q

T or F
Walls of capillaries are only three cell
layer thick (simple epithelium) to allow for exchanges between blood and tissue

A

FALSE
Walls of capillaries are only one cell
layer thick (simple epithelium) to
allow for exchanges between blood
and tissue

28
Q

Characteristic of Hypertension

A

High systolic (above 140 mmHg)
o Can be dangerous if it is chronic

29
Q

Characteristic of hypotension

A

Low systolic (below 110mmHg)
o Often associated with illness

30
Q

Normal range of BP

A

110-140 systole
80-75 diastole

31
Q

T or F
140 mmHg systole can be normal for the elderly

A

TRUE

32
Q

pressure at the peak of the ventricular contraction

A

Systole

33
Q

pressure when ventricles relax

A

Diastole

34
Q

T or F
Blood pressure: measurements are made on the pressure in large veins

A

FALSE
Blood pressure: measurements are
made on the pressure in large arteries

35
Q

What is Monitored at “pressure points” where pulse is easily palpated

A

Blood Pressure

36
Q

Process of breathing; inhaling air into and exhaling stale air from the lungs

A

Respiration:

37
Q

Process by which exchange of gases takes place between a biological system and its environment

A

Respiration:

38
Q

PARTS Upper respiratory tract (conducting portion): only a pathway of air

A
  • Nose
  • Pharynx
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles — terminal
    bronchioles
39
Q

PARTS Lower respiratory tract (respiratory
portion): gas exchange occurs

A
  • Respiratory bronchioles
  • Alveolar ducts
  • Alveolar sacs
  • Alveoli
40
Q

T or F
The mouth is two nasal cavities divided by the nasal septum

A

FALSE
The nose is two nasal cavities divided by the nasal septum

41
Q

Openings of the nose

A

Opening: anterior naris, nostril, or
nasal orifice

42
Q

Nasal cavity proper (Parts)

A

o Roof: ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal,
and nasal bones
o Floor: maxilla (palatine process),
palatine
o Medial wall: vomer
o Lateral wall: nasal
conchae/turbinates (superior, middle, inferior)

43
Q

Each nasal cavity is divided into:

A

o Vestibule: vibrissae
o Nasal cavity proper: limen nasi

44
Q

2 types of Mucosa

A

o Olfactory
o Respiratory

45
Q

volume of air that fills the passages where there
is no gas exchange

A

Anatomical dead space

46
Q

alveolar and anatomical dead space

A

Physiologic dead space

47
Q

sum of all volumes (6000ml) (lung capacity)

A

Total lung capacity (TLC)

48
Q

amount of air left in the lungs at the end of normal expiration = ERV + RV = 2400ml

A

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

49
Q

amount of air left in the lungs following maximum
expiration (1200 ml)

A

Residual volume (RV)

50
Q

amount of air exhaled in maximum expiration
followed by maximum inspiration = TV + ERV + IRV = 4700ml

A

Vital capacity (VC)

51
Q
A

GROSS ANATOMY (12 decks)

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