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GROSS ANATOMY > Ankle > Flashcards

Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

Deep socket (mortise) formed by lower ends of tibia and fibula (+ malleoli)
Upper part of body of talus

A

ANKLE JOINT (TALOCRURAL JOINT)

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2
Q

What ttype of joint is the ankle joint?

A

Type of joint: synovial hinge joint

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3
Q

T or F
haracteristics
★ Fibular malleolus covers the entire lateral surface
of the talus
★ Tibial malleolus covers only 1/3 of the medial
surface of the talus

A

TRUE

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4
Q

★ On superior view: body of the talus is ____-shaped (wider anterior portion)
★ On superior view: medial malleolus is anterior to lateral malleolus in the transverse plane

A

★ On superior view: body of the talus is
wedge-shaped (wider anterior portion)
★ On superior view: medial malleolus is anterior to
lateral malleolus in the transverse plane

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5
Q

The deltoid ligament is consist of?

A
  1. Ant. talotibial ligament
  2. Tibionavicular ligament
  3. Calcaneotibial ligament
  4. Post talotibial
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6
Q

P: medial malleolus
D: talus, navicular, sustentaculum talu

A

MEDIAL (DELTOID) LIGAMENT (strong)

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7
Q
  1. Posterior talofibular ligament: lateral malleolus to
    post. tubercle of talus
  2. Calcaneofibular ligament: lateral malleolus to
    lateral surface to calcaneus
  3. Anterior talofibublar ligament: lateral malleolus to
    lateral surface of talus
A

LATERAL LIGAMENT (weaker)

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8
Q

NERVE SUPPLY

A
  • Deep peroneal (ant), tibial nerve (post), superficial peroneal nerve (post)
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9
Q

toes pointing upwards

A

Dorsiflexion

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10
Q

Dorsiflexion is produced by what group of muscle?

A

Produced by muscles in the anterior leg compartment
★ Limited by the tension of tendocalcaneus, post.
fibers of medial ligament and calcaneofibular
ligament

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11
Q

toes pointing downwards

A

Plantarflexion

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12
Q

plantar flexion is produced by what group of muscle?

A

Produced by muscles in the posterior leg compartment
★ Limited by the tension of opposing muscles, anterior fibers of medial ligament and anterior talofibular ligament

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13
Q

During plantarflexion, narrower posterior portion leaves some space for lateral motion
○ More unstable position and places more
burden on the ligaments
○ Ankle sprains more commonly occur in
plantarflexion

A

Note

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13
Q

T or F
During dorsiflexion, wider anterior portion of talus is firmly & snugly wedged between the mortise

A

TRUE

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14
Q

T or F
Medial ligament is much weaker than the medial ligament
Medial ligament most frequently injured in ankle sprains

A

FALSE
Lateral ligament is much weaker than the medial
ligament
○ Lateral ligament most frequently injured in
ankle sprains

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15
Q

PROXIMAL TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT consist of?

A

Consist:
★ Lateral condyle of tibia
★ Head of fibula

15
Q

PROXIMAL TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT ligaments

A

Ligaments:
★ Anterior ligament
★ Posterior ligament
★ Interosseous membrane also strengthens the
joint

15
Q

What type of joint is the PROXIMAL TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT

A

Type of joint: Synovial plane (gliding)

16
Q

nerve supply and movements in prox. talofibular joint

A

Nerve supply: common peroneal nerve
Movements:
small amounts of gliding movement takes place during movements at the ankle joint

17
Q

DISTAL TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT consist of?

A

Consist:
★ Fibular notch of the tibia
★ Lower end of fibula

18
Q

Distal tibiofibular joint is what type of joint?

A

Type of joint: fibrous joint

18
Q

Ligaments of the distal tibiofibular joint?

A

Ligaments:
★ Anterior ligament
★ Posterior ligament
○ Flat bands connect the bones in front and
behind the interosseous ligament
★ inferior Transverse ligament – from medial
surface of upper part of lateral malleolus to
posterior border of lower end of tibia
★ Interosseous ligament – strong, thick band that
connects the bones together

18
Q

Nerve supply and movements od the distal tibiofibular joint

A

Nerve supply: deep peroneal nerve and tibial nerve
Movements:
movement takes place during movements at the ankle
joint

18
Q

Apex and base od the Plantar aponeurosis

A

★ Apex: attached to calcaneus
★ Base: divides at bases of toes into 5 slips (divides into superficial and deep)

18
Q

triangular thickening of deep fascia w/c occupies
central area

A

Plantar aponeurosis

18
Q

MUSCLES OF THE SOLE OF THE FOOT 1st layer

A

Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti minimi
(FAA)

18
Q

functions of Plantar aponeurosis

A

Functions:
★ Firm attachment to overlying skin
★ Protect underlying vessels, nerves, tendons and
their synovial sheaths
★ Assist in maintaining arches of the foot

18
Q

MUSCLES OF THE SOLE OF THE FOOT 4th layer

A

Interossei
Peroneus longus
Tibialis posterior

18
Q

MUSCLES OF THE SOLE OF THE FOOT 3rd layer

A

Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
(FAF)

18
Q

MUSCLES OF THE SOLE OF THE FOOT 2nd layer

A

Quadratus plantae
Lumbricals
Flexor digitorum longus tendon
Flexor hallucis longus
(LQFF)

GROSS ANATOMY (12 decks)

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