Ankle Flashcards
Deep socket (mortise) formed by lower ends of tibia and fibula (+ malleoli)
Upper part of body of talus
ANKLE JOINT (TALOCRURAL JOINT)
What ttype of joint is the ankle joint?
Type of joint: synovial hinge joint
T or F
haracteristics
★ Fibular malleolus covers the entire lateral surface
of the talus
★ Tibial malleolus covers only 1/3 of the medial
surface of the talus
TRUE
★ On superior view: body of the talus is ____-shaped (wider anterior portion)
★ On superior view: medial malleolus is anterior to lateral malleolus in the transverse plane
★ On superior view: body of the talus is
wedge-shaped (wider anterior portion)
★ On superior view: medial malleolus is anterior to
lateral malleolus in the transverse plane
The deltoid ligament is consist of?
- Ant. talotibial ligament
- Tibionavicular ligament
- Calcaneotibial ligament
- Post talotibial
P: medial malleolus
D: talus, navicular, sustentaculum talu
MEDIAL (DELTOID) LIGAMENT (strong)
- Posterior talofibular ligament: lateral malleolus to
post. tubercle of talus - Calcaneofibular ligament: lateral malleolus to
lateral surface to calcaneus - Anterior talofibublar ligament: lateral malleolus to
lateral surface of talus
LATERAL LIGAMENT (weaker)
NERVE SUPPLY
- Deep peroneal (ant), tibial nerve (post), superficial peroneal nerve (post)
toes pointing upwards
Dorsiflexion
Dorsiflexion is produced by what group of muscle?
Produced by muscles in the anterior leg compartment
★ Limited by the tension of tendocalcaneus, post.
fibers of medial ligament and calcaneofibular
ligament
toes pointing downwards
Plantarflexion
plantar flexion is produced by what group of muscle?
Produced by muscles in the posterior leg compartment
★ Limited by the tension of opposing muscles, anterior fibers of medial ligament and anterior talofibular ligament
During plantarflexion, narrower posterior portion leaves some space for lateral motion
○ More unstable position and places more
burden on the ligaments
○ Ankle sprains more commonly occur in
plantarflexion
Note
T or F
During dorsiflexion, wider anterior portion of talus is firmly & snugly wedged between the mortise
TRUE
T or F
Medial ligament is much weaker than the medial ligament
Medial ligament most frequently injured in ankle sprains
FALSE
Lateral ligament is much weaker than the medial
ligament
○ Lateral ligament most frequently injured in
ankle sprains
PROXIMAL TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT consist of?
Consist:
★ Lateral condyle of tibia
★ Head of fibula
PROXIMAL TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT ligaments
Ligaments:
★ Anterior ligament
★ Posterior ligament
★ Interosseous membrane also strengthens the
joint
What type of joint is the PROXIMAL TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT
Type of joint: Synovial plane (gliding)
nerve supply and movements in prox. talofibular joint
Nerve supply: common peroneal nerve
Movements:
small amounts of gliding movement takes place during movements at the ankle joint
DISTAL TIBIOFIBULAR JOINT consist of?
Consist:
★ Fibular notch of the tibia
★ Lower end of fibula
Distal tibiofibular joint is what type of joint?
Type of joint: fibrous joint
Ligaments of the distal tibiofibular joint?
Ligaments:
★ Anterior ligament
★ Posterior ligament
○ Flat bands connect the bones in front and
behind the interosseous ligament
★ inferior Transverse ligament – from medial
surface of upper part of lateral malleolus to
posterior border of lower end of tibia
★ Interosseous ligament – strong, thick band that
connects the bones together
Nerve supply and movements od the distal tibiofibular joint
Nerve supply: deep peroneal nerve and tibial nerve
Movements:
movement takes place during movements at the ankle
joint
Apex and base od the Plantar aponeurosis
★ Apex: attached to calcaneus
★ Base: divides at bases of toes into 5 slips (divides into superficial and deep)
triangular thickening of deep fascia w/c occupies
central area
Plantar aponeurosis
MUSCLES OF THE SOLE OF THE FOOT 1st layer
Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor digiti minimi
(FAA)
functions of Plantar aponeurosis
Functions:
★ Firm attachment to overlying skin
★ Protect underlying vessels, nerves, tendons and
their synovial sheaths
★ Assist in maintaining arches of the foot
MUSCLES OF THE SOLE OF THE FOOT 4th layer
Interossei
Peroneus longus
Tibialis posterior
MUSCLES OF THE SOLE OF THE FOOT 3rd layer
Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
(FAF)
MUSCLES OF THE SOLE OF THE FOOT 2nd layer
Quadratus plantae
Lumbricals
Flexor digitorum longus tendon
Flexor hallucis longus
(LQFF)
