knee orthos

Question 1

patella ballottement

Answer 1

positive: floating sensation of the patella indicating a large amount of swelling in knee

Question 2

fouchet’s sign

Answer 2

audible or palpable grinding or pain at the margin of the patella indicates patellar tracking disorder, peripatellar syndrome, or patellofemoral dysfunction

Question 3

patella grinding test (second part of fouchet’s)

Answer 3

pain under patella indicates chondromalacia patella, pain over patella indicates prepatellar bursitis

Question 4

clarke’s sign

Answer 4

pain in patella and/or failure to hold contraction indicates chonroamalacia patella

Question 5

patella apprehension test

Answer 5

patient sensing that the patella is going to dislocate with a look of apprehension, pain or to prevent it they will contract their quad. indicates an unstable patella possibly a shallow trochlear groove

Question 6

drawer test of the knee

Answer 6

increased P-A movement compared to normal knee is indicative of a partial or complete anterior cruciate ligament tear. increased A-P is a posterior cruciate ligment tear
normal motion is 6mm

Question 7

slocum’s

Answer 7

excessive tibial movement and/or a soft end feel indicates torn ACL, posterolateral capsule, fibular collateral ligament, IT band

Question 8

lachman’s

Answer 8

anterior movement of tibia indicates a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament and posterior oblique ligament

Question 9

McMurray

Answer 9

a palpable or audible click/snap indicates a torn meniscus. the more the knee is flexed when the pop is felt, the more posterior the tear is

Question 9

wilson’s

Answer 9

if knee locks or is painful around 30 degrees, then externally rotate.
pain disappears when the tibia is externally rotated indicates a possible osteochondritis dissecans of the knee

Question 10

steinmann’s

Answer 10

if the pain moves posterior on flexion and anterior on extension, then it is a sign of a meniscal tear. if pain remains in one place consider coronary ligaments damage

Question 11

knee adduction (varus) and abduction (valgus) stress test

Answer 11

lateral knee pain or increase in movement during varus stress indicative of a torn lateral collateral ligament
medial knee pain or increase in movement during valgus stress indicative of a torn medial collateral ligament

Question 12

bounce home

Answer 12

knee does not fully extend or a rubbery end feel is felt when the knee extends or causes severe pain indicates meniscus tear

Question 13

apley’s compression test

Answer 13

pain or crepitus on either side of the knee indicates meniscus injury on that side

Question 14

apley’s distraction test

Answer 14

pain indicates nonspecific ligaments injury or instability of the medial and lateral collateral ligaments