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Lower Limb > Knee joint plan > Flashcards

Knee joint plan Flashcards

1
Q

Classify the knee joint

A

Modified synovial hinge joint

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2
Q

What are the bones / articulation of the knee joint?

A

Patella, femoral condyles and tibial plateau

Tibiofemoral and femoropatellar

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3
Q

What type of cartilage is at the knee &what is its function?

A

Hyaline cartilage on articular surfaces

Reduce friction and shock absorption

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4
Q

Describe the meniscus at the knee

A

Semilunar cartilages

- Make the knee joint more congruent and absorb shock

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5
Q

Name the bursae at the knee joint

A
  1. Suprapatellar bursa
  2. Prepatellar bursa
  3. Infrapatellar bursa
  4. Pes anserine bursa
  5. Semimembranosus bursa
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6
Q

Where is the Suprapatellar bursa located?

A

Suprapatellar bursa - extension of synovial cavity of the knee that’s located between the quadriceps and the femur

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7
Q

Where is the Prepatellar bursa located?

A

Between the apex of the patella & the skin

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8
Q

Where is the Infrapatellar bursa located?

A

Deep - between patella tendon and tibia

Superficial - between patella tendon and skin

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9
Q

Where is the Pes Anserine bursa located?

A

Pes anserinus is the area on the medial aspect of the knee where the tendons for gracilis, sartorius and semitendinosus muscles attach. The bursa is under the tendons separating them from the tibia

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10
Q

Where is the Semimembranosus bursa located?

A

Posteriorly in the knee between semimbranosus and the medial head of gastrocnemius

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11
Q

Describe the capsule of the knee joint

A
  • Contains the whole joint
  • Attached to articular margins
  • Contains the patella anteriorly
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12
Q

Describe the synovial membrane of the knee joint

A

It lines the capsule

  • Secretes synovial fluid - which lubricates, removes waste and provides nutrients for cartilage
  • The synovium bathes the area of the femoral condyles
  • ACL and PCL are intracapsular but extrasynovial
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13
Q

What are the ligaments at the knee joint?

A
  1. ACL
  2. PCL
  3. MCL
  4. LCL
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14
Q

What are the permitted movements at the knee joint?

A
  1. Flexion / Extension

2. Some medial / lateral rotation when knee is flexed

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15
Q

How many degrees of freedom is at the knee?

A

1 degree (2 degrees as rotation into closed-packed position)

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16
Q

What arteries supply the knee?

A

Branches from femoral, tibial and popliteal artery

17
Q

What nerves supply the knee?

A

Branches of obturator, femoral and sciatic nerves

18
Q

What muscles flex the knee?

A
  1. Semimembranosus
  2. Semitendinosus
  3. Biceps femoris
  4. Gastrocnemius
19
Q

What muscles extend the knee?

A
  1. Rectus femoris
  2. Vastus medialis
  3. Vastus lateralis
  4. Vastus intermedius
20
Q

What muscles laterally rotate the knee?

A

Biceps femoris

21
Q

What muscles medially rotate the knee?

A
  1. Semimembranosus
  2. Semitendinosus
  3. Gracilis
  4. Sartorius
  5. Popliteus
22
Q

Gracilis

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A
  1. Inferior border of pubic body near symphsis
  2. Proximal medial surafce of tibia (part of pes anserinus)
  3. Adducts thigh at hip
  4. Obturator nerve (L3,L4)
23
Q

Semitendinosus

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A
  1. Ischial tuberosity of os coxa
  2. Proximal tibia, medial to tibial tuberosity (part of pes anserinus)
  3. Extends thigh at hip
    Flexes leg at knee
    Medially rotates knee when knee is flexed
  4. Tibial portion of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
24
Q

Semimembranosus

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A
  1. Ischial tuberosity of os coxa
  2. Posterior medial condyle of tibia
  3. Extends thigh at hip
    Flexes leg at knee
    Medially rotates knee when knee is flexed
  4. Tibial portion of sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
25
Q

Biceps femoris

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A
  1. Long head - Ischial tuberosity of os coxa
    Short head - distal linea aspera & lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
  2. Long & short head - head of fibular and lateral condyle of tibia
  3. Extends thigh at hip
    Flexes leg at knee
    Laterally rotates leg at knee when knee is flexed
  4. Long head - Tibial portion of sciatic nerve (S1-S3)
    Short head -common peroneal nerve (L5, S1,S2)
26
Q

Rectus femoris

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A
  1. Anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium above the acetabulum
  2. Quadriceps tendon to base of patella and onto tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
  3. Flexes thigh at hip
    Extend the knee
  4. Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
27
Q

Vastus medialis

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A
  1. Intertrochanteric line. It also attaches to the medial lip of linea aspera of femur
  2. Quadriceps tendon to base of patella and onto tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
  3. Flexes thigh at hip
    Extend the knee
  4. Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
28
Q

Vastus lateralis

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A
  1. Greater trochanter. It also attaches to the lateral lip of linea aspera of femur
  2. Quadriceps tendon to base of patella and onto tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
  3. Flexes thigh at hip
    Extend the knee
  4. Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
29
Q

Vastus intermedius

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A
  1. Anterior and lateral surafces of shaft of femur
  2. Quadriceps tendon to base of patella and onto tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament
  3. Flexes thigh at hip
    Extend the knee
  4. Femoral nerve (L2-L4)
30
Q

Sartorius

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A
  1. Anterior superior iliac spine
  2. Proximal tibia, medial to tibial tuberosity (part of pes anserinus)
  3. Flexes thigh at hip
    Medially rotates knee
  4. Femoral nerve (L2-L3)
31
Q

Popliteus

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A
  1. Lateral surface of lateral condyle of femur
  2. Proximal posterior surface of tibia, just above the soleal (popliteal line)
  3. Medially rotates knee
  4. Tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Lower Limb (5 decks)

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