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Lower Limb > Ankle Joint Plan > Flashcards

Ankle Joint Plan Flashcards

1
Q

Classify the talocrural (ankle) joint

A

It is a hinge joint

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2
Q

What are the bones / articulation of the ankle joint?

A

Mortise (tibia and fibula) and tenon (talus)

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3
Q

Name the retinaculum of the ankle joint

A

The retinaculum is a band of thick deep fascia that holds the long tendons of your ankle (those that cross the ankle) in place.

  1. Flexor retinaculum
  2. Peroneal retinaculum
  3. Superior extensor retinaculum
  4. Inferior extensor retinaculum
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4
Q

Describe where the flexor retinaculum runs to and from

A

Passes from the back of the medial malleolous to the medial tubercle of the calcaneus

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5
Q

Describe where the peroneal retinaculum runs to and from

A

Split into 2 parts

  1. Superior retinaculum - attaches to the lateral side of the calcaneus passing over the tendons of fibularis longus and brevis to the posterior border of the lateral malleolus
  2. Inferior retinaculum - binds the 2 peroneal tendons to the lateral side of the calcaneus
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6
Q

Describe where the superior extensor retinaculum runs to and from

A

Runs horizontally across all extensor tendons between the tibia and fibula just above the ankle joint.

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7
Q

Describe where the inferior extensor retinaculum runs to and from

A

Is a Y-shaped thickening on the dorsum of the foot.

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8
Q

Describe the joint capsule of the ankle joint

A
  • A Fibrous capsule completely surrounds the ankle joint
  • Thin & weak anteriorly and posteriorly to accommodate plantar and dorsi flexion
  • Strengthened laterally & medially by collateral ligaments
  • Posteriorly it is attached to the posterior tibiofibular ligament
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9
Q

Describe the synovial membrane of the ankle joint

A
  • Lines the capsule

- Produces synovial fluid which nourishes cartilage, removes waste and reduces friction

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10
Q

Name the medial ligaments of the ankle

A 
Deltoid ligaments:
Deep:
1. Posterior tibiotalor ligament 
2. Anterior tibiotalor ligament
Superior: Continuous attachment from navicular to sustentaculum tali of the calcaneus 
1. Tibiocalcaneal ligament 
2. Tibionavicular ligament
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11
Q

Name the lateral ligaments of the ankle

A

Lateral ligaments are not as strong as the deltoid ligaments

  1. Anterior and posterior talofibular (ATFL and PTFL)
  2. Calcaneofibular (CFL) laterally
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12
Q

How many degrees of freedom is at the ankle?

A

1 degrees of freedom

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13
Q

What are the permitted movements at the foot and ankle joint?

A
  1. Plantar and dorsi flexion
  2. Inversion and eversion
  3. Toe flexion +/- adduction and extension +/- abduction
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14
Q

What arteries supply the ankle?

A

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries

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15
Q

What nerves supply the ankle?

A

Branches of the deep peroneal nerve and tibial nerve

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16
Q

What muscles perform plantarflexion?

A

Deep: (Tom, Dick and Harry)

  1. Tibialis posterior
  2. Flexor digitorum longus
  3. Flexor hallucis

Superifical:

  1. Gastrocnemius
  2. Soleus
  3. Plantaris
17
Q

What muscles perform dorsiflexion?

A
  1. Tibialis anterior
  2. Extensor hallucis longus
  3. Extensor digitorum longus
18
Q

Gastrocnemius

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A 
1. Medial head: medial condyle of femur 
Lateral head: lateral condyle of femur
2. Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
3. Plantar flexes foot 
Flexes the leg at the knee
4. Tibial nerve (S1,S2)
19
Q

Soleus

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A
  1. Proximal half of posterior surface of tibia along soleal line and proximal 1/3 of posterior fibula
  2. Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
  3. Plantar flexes foot
  4. Tibial nerve (S1,S2)
20
Q

Tibialis Anterior

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A
  1. Upper two-thirds of the lateral surface of the tibia and interosseous membrane
  2. Medial and plantar side of medial cuneiform
    Base of 1st metatarsal
  3. Dorsi flexes foot
    Inverts foot at ankle
  4. Deep peroneal nerve (L4,L5,S1)
21
Q

Tibialis Posterior

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A
  1. Upper lateral aspect of posterior surface of the tibia. Interosseous membrane. Posterior surface of the fibular
  2. Navicular tuberosity, plantar surface of the medial cuneiform
  3. Plantar flexes foot
    Inverts foot
  4. Tibial nerve (L5, S1)
22
Q

Plantaris

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A
  1. Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur above lateral head of gastrocnemius
  2. Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
  3. Plantar flexes foot
    Flexes leg at the knee
  4. Tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)
23
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A
  1. Medial half of middle posterior surface of tibia
  2. Base of distal phalanges of lateral four toes
  3. Flexes distal phalanges of lateral four toes. Plantar flexes foot
  4. Tibial nerve (L5, S1)
24
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A
  1. Distal 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula. Adjacent interosseous membrane
  2. Base of distal phalanx of big toe
  3. Flexes distal phalanx of big toe. Plantar flexes foot
  4. Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)
25
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A
  1. Upper two thirds of anterior shaft of fibula, interosseous membrane
  2. Middle & distal phalanges of digits 2-5
  3. Extends toes 2-5 Dorsi flexes foot at ankle
  4. Deep peroneal nerve (L4,L5,S1)
26
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

  1. Origin
  2. Insertion
  3. Action
  4. Innervation
A
  1. Middle half of anterior shaft of fibula
  2. Base of distal phalanx of great toe
  3. Extends big toe
    Dorsi flexes foot. Inverts foot
  4. Deep peroneal nerve (L4,L5,S1)

Lower Limb (5 decks)

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