Knee Joint Flashcards
Name and classify
Modified synovial hinge joint
Bones
Patella
Femoral condyle
Tibial plateau
Cartilage
Hyaline cartilage - reduce friction and shock absorbing
Additional features
Meniscus - semilunar cartilages to make the joint more congruent and absorb shock
Infrapatella and suprapatella bursa
Infrapatella fat pad
Capsule
Contains the whole joint
Attached to articular margins
Contains patella anteriorly
Synovial membrane
Lines capsule
Secretes synovial fluid - lubricates, removes waste and provides nutrients for cartilage
Synovium - bathes area of femoral condyle
ACL and PCL are intracapsular by extrasynovial
Ligaments
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
Medial collateral ligament (MCL)
Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)
Degrees of freedom
1 degree
2 degrees as rotation into closed-packed position
Movements
Flexion
Extension
Some medial and lateral rotation
Blood supply
Branched from femoral artery
Popliteal artery
Tibial artery
Nerve supply
Branches of obturator, femoral, sciatic nerves
Muscles - flexors
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps femoris
Gastrocnemius
Muscles - extensors
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Muscles - medial rotators
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Sartorius
Gracilis
Popliteus
Muscles - lateral rotators
Biceps femoris
