Hip Joint Flashcards
Name and classify
Synovial ball and socket
Bones
Coral bone - acetabulum (cupped shaped depression), ilium, ischium, pubis
Head of the femur - proximal extremity, almost spherical
Cartilage
Hyaline cartilage - friction free movement and shock absorbing
Additional features
Bursae - reduces friction
Labrum - Fibrocartilage, deepens the acetabulum and improves joint stability
Fat pad - sensory, shock absorber
Capsule
Attaches to articulate margins, acetabulum to intertrochanteric line
Made from circular, longitudinal fibres
Synovial membrane
Lines the capsule
Secretes synovial fluid - lubricates, removes waste and provides nutrients for cartilage
Ligaments
Iliofemoral - strongest, toughest, supports the capsule and joint
Pubofemoral - triangular thickening of the inferior part of the capsule
Ischiofemoral - inserts half way
Ligamentum teres - off the head of the femur, keeps the head of the femur in the socket, arteries supplying the femur
Degrees of freedom
Three
Movements
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Medial rotation
Lateral rotation
Blood supply
Lateral and medial circumflex arteries
Anastomosis - alternative routes
Nerve supply
Branch of femoral nerve - anteriorly over the brim of the pelvis to the thigh
Branch of sciatic nerve - from sciatic notch down posteriorly to the thigh
Branch of obturator nerves - from and through the obturator foramen to the thigh
Muscles - extensors
Gluteus maximum
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus
Muscles - flexors
Psoas major
Iliacus
Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Pectineus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Gracilis
Muscles - adductors
Pectineus
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor Magnus
Gracilis
Muscles - abductors
Gluteus maximum
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Piriformis
Muscles - medial rotators
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor facia latae
Muscles - lateral rotators
Piriformis
Gemellus superior
Obturator internus
Gemellus inferior
Obturator externus
Quadratus femoris
