Elbow Joint

Question 1

Name and classify

Answer 1

Synovial hinge joint

Question 2

Bones

Answer 2

Humerus - distal end, trochlea; medial, distal condyle and capitulum; lateral, distal condyle
Radius - head; convex upper surface
Ulna - trachea notch; large saddle-shaped notch

Question 3

Cartilage

Answer 3

Hyaline cartilage - friction free movement and shock absorbing

Question 4

Additional features

Answer 4

Olecranon bursa - between the Olecranon and overlying connective tissue
Articular disc

Question 5

Capsule

Answer 5

Attached to articular margins
Includes the radioulnar joint, as well as the Humeroulnar and Humeroradial joints

Question 6

Synovial membrane

Answer 6

Lines the capsule
Synovial fluid - nourishes cartilage, removes waste and reduces friction

Question 7

Ligaments

Answer 7

Radial collateral ligament (lateral) - supports joint capsule, improve structural integrity, leaves radius free to rotate, from lateral epicondyle to annular ligament
Ulna collateral ligament (medial) - supports joint capsule, improve structural integrity, multiple bands; anterior (cord like), posterior (fan like), oblique, heavier and firmer attachment
Annular ligament - holds the radius head against the radial notch of ulna, attached to RCL, allows radius to rotate, some instability

Question 8

Degrees of freedom

Answer 8

One

Question 9

Movements

Answer 9

Flexion
Extension

Question 10

Blood supply

Answer 10

Branches from brachial (through from axillary artery) and deep brachial arteries

Question 11

Nerve supply

Answer 11

Anteriorly - median, musculocutaneous and radial nerves
Posteriorly - ulnar nerve

Question 12

Muscles - flexors

Answer 12

Brachialis
Brachioradialis
Biceps brachii

Question 13

Muscles - extensors

Answer 13

Triceps brachii
Anconeus (weak)