Ankle Joint Flashcards
Name and classify
Synovial hinge joint
Bones
Tibia - medial malleolus; thick process, distal
Fibula - lateral malleolus; distal, expanded, flattened end
Talus - forms summit
Cartilage
Hyaline cartilage - friction free movement and shock absorbing
Additional features
Bursa
Retinaculum - connective tissue, roof of tarsal tunnel, tough
Capsule
Attached to articular margins
Strengthened by collateral ligaments
Loose anteriorly and posteriorly - allows larger movements
Synovial membrane
Lines the capsule
Synovial fluid - nourishes cartilage, removes water and reduces friction
Ligaments
Laterally - anterior and posterior talofibular ligaments, calcaneofibular ligament; lightweight, allows more movement
Medially - deltoid ligaments: tibiotalor (deep), tibiocalcaneal and tibionavicular ligaments; loosely connected, thicker, heavier and stronger, allows less movement, prevent mediolateral rocking and anteroposterior slippage
Degrees of freedom
One
Movements
Plantar flexion
Dorsiflexion
Blood supply
Anterior tibial artery - through into dorsalis pedis (loop)
Posterior tibial artery - through tarsal tunnel into sole of foot
Nerve supply
Branches of tibial and deep peroneal nerves
Muscles - flexors
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Tibialis posterior
Flexor Digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Muscles - extensors
Tibialis anterior
Extensor Digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Peroneus tertius
