Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > Knee Injuries > Flashcards

Knee Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What is a ligament

A

Collagen around a joint anchored to bone at each end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Compared to tendons ligaments have?

A

Lower and less organised collagen
Higher proteoglycan
High H20
Rounder fibroblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How to Rx ligament rupture

A

Conservative if no instability

Surgery if multiple / sportsman etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a tendon?

A

Originates at muscle and attaches to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Symptoms of tendon degeneration?

A

Painful
Swollen
Precursor to rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Symptoms of tendon rupture?

A

Pop in ankle + pain in ankle and calf
Palpable gap
+ve Simmonds (when squeeze calf ankle contracts)
USS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What causes Achilles tendon rupture

A

Pushing of weight bearing foot with extended knee
Unexpected dorsiflexion of ankle
Dorsiflexion of plantar flexed foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the Rx for rupture

A

Mobilise if partial
Conservative - splint cast
Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When do you do conservative Rx

A

If not intra articular

If ends can be opposed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When do you do an operation

A

If intra-articular
IF high risk of re-rupture
If ends cannot be opposed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Quervain’s Tenovaginitis

A

Inflammation of the tendon of EPB and APL passing through radial tendon sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the symptoms

A 
Swollen
Tender
Hot
Red
\+ve Funklestein's
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is enthesiopathy

A

Inflammation of tendon

Usually at muscle origin rather than insertion to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are examples

A

Plantar fasciitis
Humeral epicondyltis
Traction apophysiitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Traction Apophysiitis / Osgood Schlatters

A

Inflammation at insertion of patellar tendon into anterior tibial tuberosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who gets it

A

Adolescent active young boys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the symptoms

A

Anterior knee pain worse when kneeling

Enlarged tender tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do you Dx and Rx

A

X-ray

Self limiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of fibres transmit cold and sharp pain

A

Ad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What fibres transmit dull warm pain

A

C (slow and small)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What fibres transmit touch / pressure

A

Ab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Can peripheral nerves regenerate

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is neuropraxia

A

Nerve stretched or bruised and in continuity
Closed injury
Good prognosis
Spontaneous recovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is axontmesis

A 
Endoneurium intact (surrounds axons) 
Axons disrupted 
Closed injury - crush of blow 
Wallerian degeneration follows
Sensory recovery better than motor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is Neurotmesis
``` Complete nerve division Laceration or avulsion Epineureum around whole nerve damages No recovery unless direct suturing or graft Poor prognosis Open injury ```
26
What is the Rx for peripheral nerve injuries
Immediate nerve graft within 3 days for clean sharp injuries Within 3 weeks for blunt / contusion Delayed surgery for closed injury if doesn't resolve
27
What is the healing process in nerve injury and how do you monitor
``` Initial death of axons distal Wallerian degeneration Proximal axon budding at 1mm/day Sensory > motor Pain first to return Tinnel's to monitor EMG ```
28
What is patellar tendonitis
Chronic anterior knee pain Worsens after running Tender below patella Young active boys
29
What is patellar subluxation
Medial knee pain due to lateral subluxation | Knee may give way
30
What is osteochondritis dissecans
Pain after exercsie Swelling / joint effusion Locking Painful click
31
What is chondromalacia patellae
``` Softening of the cartilage of patella Teenage girls Often after injury Anterior knee pain walking up and down stairs Tender Quadricep wasting Rx = physio ```
32
What causes meniscal injury
Twisting movement on loaded fixed knee
33
What are the symptoms
``` Painful squelch Swelling - late Painful to weight bear Locked knee Unable to extend Gives way +Ve Mcmurry - painful click +Ve Thessaly - standing on painful leg flexed to 20 = pain ```
34
How do you Dx
MRI = most appropriate | Can do X-ray for fracture / USS
35
Non-surgical Rx
Physio RICE Analegisa
36
Surgical Rx
Meniscal repair - smith and nephew Partial meniscectomy Meniscal transplantation
37
What is important in Hx
Quick or slow Previous injury Hear or feel pop / crack Swelling
38
What des early swelling suggest
Haemarthrosis
39
What causes ACL tear
Forward momentum on fixed leg +- twisting / rotation Usually sport injury
40
What are the symptoms
Hear a pop / loud crack Pain Quick rapid swelling Often can weight bear
41
How do you Dx
Anterior draw test - tibia moves forward | X-ray / USS / MRI
42
How do you Rx
Full ACL rehab ACL reconstruction Surgery to prevent further injury and OA
43
Complications of ACL tear
Further injury | OA
44
What are symptoms of collateral ligament tear
Lateralised pain Feel crack / sharp pain Minimal effusion Brusing on one side
45
What causes unhappy triad injury
Lateral blow
46
What is involved
ACL Medial collateral Medial meniscus
47
What is characteristic of anterior knee pain
Worse walking down stairs
48
How do you Rx
Physio
49
PCL tear
High impact / RTA | +ve Posterior draw test
50
What types of bursitis in the knee
Infrapatellar - 2 fingers below joint line | Pre-patellar = most common
51
What causes bursitis
``` Trauma Overuse Infection RA Crystalarthropathy ```
52
What are the symptoms
Localised pain Anterior to patella Swelling
53
How do you Dx
Aspiration to differentiate friction from suppurative
54
How do you treat
Topical NSAID / steroid Ax if infective Excision if persistent
55
What should you consider
SA
56
What are X-ray good for
``` Fracture Lose body Ligament avulsion Osteochondral defect Degeneration Haemarthrosis ```
57
What is USS good for
Tendon rupture Meniscal tear Swelling Cyst
58
When do you do surgery
Joint preservation Failure of conservative Prevent further injury QOL affected
59
What is iliotibial band syndrome
Direct irritation of iliotibial band or bursae causing lateral knee pain
60
What are the symptoms
Pain Tenderness Over lateral femoral condyle and epicondyle Worse on flexion and extnesion
61
Who is at risk
Runner Cyclist Endurance Exercise
62
How do you Dx
Clinical | Could do imaging
63
How do you Rx
``` Correct any mechanical issues e.g. gene varum Paracetamol NSAID Physio Surgery may have a role if Rx fails ```

MSK (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions