Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MSK > Knee Injuries > Flashcards

Knee Injuries Flashcards

1
Q

What is a ligament

A

Collagen around a joint anchored to bone at each end

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Compared to tendons ligaments have?

A

Lower and less organised collagen
Higher proteoglycan
High H20
Rounder fibroblast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How to Rx ligament rupture

A

Conservative if no instability

Surgery if multiple / sportsman etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a tendon?

A

Originates at muscle and attaches to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Symptoms of tendon degeneration?

A

Painful
Swollen
Precursor to rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Symptoms of tendon rupture?

A

Pop in ankle + pain in ankle and calf
Palpable gap
+ve Simmonds (when squeeze calf ankle contracts)
USS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What causes Achilles tendon rupture

A

Pushing of weight bearing foot with extended knee
Unexpected dorsiflexion of ankle
Dorsiflexion of plantar flexed foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the Rx for rupture

A

Mobilise if partial
Conservative - splint cast
Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

When do you do conservative Rx

A

If not intra articular

If ends can be opposed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When do you do an operation

A

If intra-articular
IF high risk of re-rupture
If ends cannot be opposed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Quervain’s Tenovaginitis

A

Inflammation of the tendon of EPB and APL passing through radial tendon sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the symptoms

A 
Swollen
Tender
Hot
Red
\+ve Funklestein's
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is enthesiopathy

A

Inflammation of tendon

Usually at muscle origin rather than insertion to bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are examples

A

Plantar fasciitis
Humeral epicondyltis
Traction apophysiitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Traction Apophysiitis / Osgood Schlatters

A

Inflammation at insertion of patellar tendon into anterior tibial tuberosity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Who gets it

A

Adolescent active young boys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the symptoms

A

Anterior knee pain worse when kneeling

Enlarged tender tubercle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do you Dx and Rx

A

X-ray

Self limiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of fibres transmit cold and sharp pain

A

Ad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What fibres transmit dull warm pain

A

C (slow and small)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What fibres transmit touch / pressure

A

Ab

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Can peripheral nerves regenerate

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is neuropraxia

A

Nerve stretched or bruised and in continuity
Closed injury
Good prognosis
Spontaneous recovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is axontmesis

A 
Endoneurium intact (surrounds axons) 
Axons disrupted 
Closed injury - crush of blow 
Wallerian degeneration follows
Sensory recovery better than motor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is Neurotmesis

A 
Complete nerve division 
Laceration or avulsion 
Epineureum around whole nerve damages 
No recovery unless direct suturing or graft
Poor prognosis
Open injury
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the Rx for peripheral nerve injuries

A

Immediate nerve graft within 3 days for clean sharp injuries
Within 3 weeks for blunt / contusion
Delayed surgery for closed injury if doesn’t resolve

27
Q

What is the healing process in nerve injury and how do you monitor

A 
Initial death of axons distal
Wallerian degeneration 
Proximal axon budding at 1mm/day
Sensory > motor 
Pain first to return 
Tinnel's to monitor 
EMG
28
Q

What is patellar tendonitis

A

Chronic anterior knee pain
Worsens after running
Tender below patella
Young active boys

29
Q

What is patellar subluxation

A

Medial knee pain due to lateral subluxation

Knee may give way

30
Q

What is osteochondritis dissecans

A

Pain after exercsie
Swelling / joint effusion
Locking
Painful click

31
Q

What is chondromalacia patellae

A 
Softening of the cartilage of patella
Teenage girls 
Often after injury 
Anterior knee pain walking up and down stairs
Tender 
Quadricep wasting 
Rx = physio
32
Q

What causes meniscal injury

A

Twisting movement on loaded fixed knee

33
Q

What are the symptoms

A 
Painful squelch
Swelling - late 
Painful to weight bear
Locked knee
Unable to extend
Gives way
\+Ve Mcmurry - painful click
\+Ve Thessaly - standing on painful leg flexed to 20 = pain
34
Q

How do you Dx

A

MRI = most appropriate

Can do X-ray for fracture / USS

35
Q

Non-surgical Rx

A

Physio
RICE
Analegisa

36
Q

Surgical Rx

A

Meniscal repair - smith and nephew
Partial meniscectomy
Meniscal transplantation

37
Q

What is important in Hx

A

Quick or slow
Previous injury
Hear or feel pop / crack
Swelling

38
Q

What des early swelling suggest

A

Haemarthrosis

39
Q

What causes ACL tear

A

Forward momentum on fixed leg
+- twisting / rotation
Usually sport injury

40
Q

What are the symptoms

A

Hear a pop / loud crack
Pain
Quick rapid swelling
Often can weight bear

41
Q

How do you Dx

A

Anterior draw test - tibia moves forward

X-ray / USS / MRI

42
Q

How do you Rx

A

Full ACL rehab
ACL reconstruction
Surgery to prevent further injury and OA

43
Q

Complications of ACL tear

A

Further injury

OA

44
Q

What are symptoms of collateral ligament tear

A

Lateralised pain
Feel crack / sharp pain
Minimal effusion
Brusing on one side

45
Q

What causes unhappy triad injury

A

Lateral blow

46
Q

What is involved

A

ACL
Medial collateral
Medial meniscus

47
Q

What is characteristic of anterior knee pain

A

Worse walking down stairs

48
Q

How do you Rx

A

Physio

49
Q

PCL tear

A

High impact / RTA

+ve Posterior draw test

50
Q

What types of bursitis in the knee

A

Infrapatellar - 2 fingers below joint line

Pre-patellar = most common

51
Q

What causes bursitis

A 
Trauma
Overuse
Infection
RA
Crystalarthropathy
52
Q

What are the symptoms

A

Localised pain
Anterior to patella
Swelling

53
Q

How do you Dx

A

Aspiration to differentiate friction from suppurative

54
Q

How do you treat

A

Topical NSAID / steroid
Ax if infective
Excision if persistent

55
Q

What should you consider

A

SA

56
Q

What are X-ray good for

A 
Fracture
Lose body
Ligament avulsion
Osteochondral defect
Degeneration 
Haemarthrosis
57
Q

What is USS good for

A

Tendon rupture
Meniscal tear
Swelling
Cyst

58
Q

When do you do surgery

A

Joint preservation
Failure of conservative
Prevent further injury
QOL affected

59
Q

What is iliotibial band syndrome

A

Direct irritation of iliotibial band or bursae causing lateral knee pain

60
Q

What are the symptoms

A

Pain
Tenderness
Over lateral femoral condyle and epicondyle
Worse on flexion and extnesion

61
Q

Who is at risk

A

Runner
Cyclist
Endurance
Exercise

62
Q

How do you Dx

A

Clinical

Could do imaging

63
Q

How do you Rx

A 
Correct any mechanical issues e.g. gene varum
Paracetamol
NSAID
Physio 
Surgery may have a role if Rx fails

MSK (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions