Knee Conditions Flashcards
What is the most common meniscal tear?
Medial meniscal tear (more fixed structure- attached to MCL)
What is the mechanism of a meniscal tear?
Twisting movement
Pop sound or sensation
What are meniscal tear symptoms?
Pain
Swelling
Stiffness
Restricted ROM
Knee locking
Knee ‘giving way’
What is McMurray’s test for meniscal tear?
Flexed to extended movement with internal rotation= lateral meniscal damage
Flexed to extended movement with external rotation= medial meniscal damage
What area of the meniscus is unlikely to heal and why?
Medial zone- poor blood supply
What are the management options for meniscal tears?
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
NSAIDs
Physio
Arthroscopy (keyhole)- repair or resection
What is the most common cruciate ligament injury?
ACL rupture
What are the attachments of ACL?
Anterior intercondylar area of tibia
Intercondylar notch of femur
What are the attachments of PCL>
Posterior intercondylar area on tibia
Intercondylar notch of femur
What is the mechanism of ACL rupture?
Twisting injury to the knee
What are the symptoms of ACL injury?
Pain
Swelling
‘pop’ sound or sensation
Instability of knee joint
What tests are done for ACL damage?
Anterior draw test- tibia moves an excessive distance anteriorly
Lachman test
What is first line imaging for ACL damage?
MRI
What is the management of ACL damage?
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
Crutches and knee brace
Physio
Arthroscopic surgery
What is used as a graft for ACL reconstruction?
Hamstring tendon
Quadriceps tendon
What is the most common ligament injury of the knee?
Medial (tibial) collateral ligament
What is the mechanism of MCL injury?
Severe valgus stress
What are the symptoms of MCL injury?
Pop or crack
Pain
Bruising
Swelling
Tender
Painful on full extension
What is the main treatment of MCL injury?
Conservative management
Only severe tears require surgery
What is osteochondritis dissecans?
A condition in which a piece of bone or cartilage (or both) inside a joint loses blood supply and dies
What are the symptoms of osteochondritis dissecans?
Activity related pain
Recurrent effusions
Poorly localised
Mechanical
What is the management of osteochondritis dissecans?
Restrict weight bearing
ROM brace
Arthroscopy- subchondral drilling, fixation of loose fragment
