knee, anterior and lateral leg

Question 1

what kind of joint is the knee joint

Answer 1

synovial hinge joint consisting of 3 articulations in total: 2 between the femur and tibia, 1 between femur and patella

Question 2

what is not part of the knee joint

Answer 2

fibula

Question 3

main movements of the knee

Answer 3

flexion (hamstrings and gastrocnemius/tibial and common fibular nerve) and extension (mainly quads/femoral nerve)

Question 4

can you rotate knee joint?

Answer 4

when flexed to 90 degrees
medial rotation = hamstrings and gracilis/tibial and obturator nerves
lateral rotation = biceps femoris/tibial and common fibular nerve

Question 5

fibrous capsule of knee attaches

Answer 5

round the margins of the articular cartilage and encloses the synovial cavity

Question 6

fibrous capsule is strengthened by

Answer 6

ligaments

Question 7

significance of iliotibial tract, tibial and fibular collateral ligaments and cruciate ligament s

Answer 7

ligaments that help stabilize joint

Question 8

what are menisci?

Answer 8

crescentic discs of fibrocartilage that act as shock absorbers as well as assist with stabilization of the curved femoral condyles upon the relatively flatter tibial condyles

Question 9

genu varum

Answer 9

bow legs

Question 10

genu valgum

Answer 10

knock knees

Question 11

predisposition of genu’s

Answer 11

associated with loss of the medial or lateral meniscus

Question 12

medial menisci attaches to the

Answer 12

tibial (medial) collateral ligament which makes it more vulnerable to tearing during injury

Question 13

unhappy triad knee injury

Answer 13

meniscus, medial collateral ligament, ACL rupture

Question 14

where do menisci attach anteriorly and posteriorly

Answer 14

tibial intercondylar area

Question 15

how are cruciate ligaments named?

Answer 15

by their attachment to intercondylar eminence of tibia

Question 16

ACL

Answer 16

passes superiorly, laterally, and posteriorly to attach to the lateral femoral condyle
prevents anterior displacement of the tibia on the femur and hyperextension of the knee joint
anterior drawer test

Question 17

PCL

Answer 17

medial to ACL and passes superiorly and anteriorly to attach to the medial femoral condyle
prevents posterior displacement and prevent hyper flexion of the joint
posterior drawer test

Question 18

supra patellar bursa

Answer 18

unlike subcutaneous bursae, the supra patellar bursa is an extension of the synovial cavity
reduces friction on quad tendon during knee movements

Question 19

massage test

Answer 19

abnormal fluid within knee joint fills supra patellar bursa

Question 20

common fibular nerve divides into

Answer 20

superficial fibular nerve (which supplies the muscle of the lateral compartment of the leg and the skin/fascia of the dorm of the foot) and deep fibular nerve (supplies the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg and the skin of the first interdigital cleft)

Question 21

all muscles of anterior leg attach

Answer 21

prox: tibia, fibular, or interosseous merman
distal: 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform (tibialis anterior), distal phalanx of great toe (extensor hallucis longus), middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes (extensor digitorum longus) and base of 5th metatarsal (fibulas tertius)

Question 22

anterior and lateral compartments of the leg are separated by

Answer 22

anterior inter muscular septum

Question 23

smallest compartment of leg

Answer 23

lateral - only contains fibulas longus and brevis

Question 24

how does the lateral compartment of leg attach

Answer 24

fibular proximally and pass to the plantar surface of the bases of the 1st and 5th metatarsal respectively

Question 25

distal tendon of fibulas longus

Answer 25

passes beneath sole of foot to reach the base of 1st metatarsal

Question 26

main action of fibularis muscles

Answer 26

evert foot

Question 27

anterior compartment consists of

Answer 27

tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, fibularis terius

Question 28

lateral component of the leg consists of

Answer 28

fibularis longus

Question 29

tibialis anterior attachment, innervation, action

Answer 29

prox: lateral condyle and superior half of lateral surface of tibia and interserosseous membrane
distal: medial and inferior surfaces of medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal
innervation: deep fibular nerve
action: dorsiflexes ankle and inverts foot

Question 30

extensor digitorum longus

Answer 30

prox: lateral condyle of tibia and superior tree quarters of medial surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
distal: middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits
nerve: deep fibular
action: extends lateral four digits and dorsilflexes ankle

Question 31

extensor hallucis longus

Answer 31

prox: middle part of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
distal: dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)
nerve: deep fibular
extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle

Question 32

fibularis tertius

Answer 32

prox: inferior 3rd of anterior surface of fibular and interosseous membrane
distal: dorsum of base of 5th metatarsal
nerve: deep fibular nerve
dorsiflexes ankle and aids in eversion of foot

Question 33

fibularis longus

Answer 33

prox: head and superior 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
distal: base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
superficial fibular nerve
everts foot and weakly plantar flexes ankle

Question 34

fibularis brevis

Answer 34

prox: inferior two thirds of lateral surface of fibula
distal: dorsal surface of tuberosity on lateral side of base of 5th metatarsal
superficial fibular nerve
Evers foot and weakly plantar flexes ankle