femoral triangle, medial and anterior thigh Flashcards
what is the femoral triangle bordered by?
inguinal ligament superiorly, satoris laterally and adductor long’s medially
the floor of the femoral triangle is formed by?
iliopsoas laterally, and pectineus medially
what does the femoral triangle contain?
(iliopsoas) femoral nerve, artery, vein, and canal (pectinous)
significance of canal in femoral triangle?
contains deep inguinal lymph nodes and is the location of femoral hernia formation
what are the femoral artery and vein enveloped by?
a sheath: short tube of transversals and iliopsoas fascia from abdominal wall
femoral nerve formed in what?
L2, L3, L4, formed in the lumbar plexus
saphenous nerve branches from femoral nerve?
sensory, leave the adductor canal distally by passing between satoris and gracilis (medial compartment)
what does saphenous nerve supply?
fascia and skin of anteromedial aspects of knee and leg and medial aspect of foot where it accompanies the great saphenous vein
how does a femoral hernia happen?
increased abdominal pressure results in peritoneum herniating into canal
what is the femoral canal?
canal that only contains the deep inguinal lymph nodes and adipose tissue, forms most medial part of femoral sheath
deep inguinal lymph nodes run in a chain in the femoral canal media to femoral vein
what supplies blood to the head of the femur?
medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries through their reticular branches, which pass superiorly in relation to the femoral neck and capsule of the hip joint
how are medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries named?
according to the aspect of the profound femoris artery from which they emerge
how do you find femoral vein and nerve?
femoral pulse!!
the inguinal ligament is the inferior border of the…
external oblique aponeurosis, which is the flattened tendon of the most superficial of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles
where does the inguinal ligament run ?
between the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the pubic tubercle, and forms a “gutter”
the medial half of the gutter contains the inguinal canal, which contains spermatic cord or round ligament
deep femoral artery aka
profunda femoris
what happens in the retroinguinal space?
femoral vessels, femoral nerve, and the iliopsoas muscle enter/leave the lower limb by passing deep to the inguinal ligament
medial circumflex femoral artery provides
the majority of the blood supply to the head and neck of the femur, fractures are in danger of severing this artery, if it is not corrected it can lead to AVN of the femoral head
why are femoral hernias strangulated?
lack of flexibility of surrounding tissues often
muscles of the anterior thigh mainly act to…
flex hip and extend knee
iliopsoas attachments, action, nerve supply
proximal: iliac fossa (iliac) and lumbar transverse processes/IV discs (posts major)
distal: lesser trochanter of femur
flex hip
anterior rami of lumbar spinal nerves
satorius attachments, action, nerve supply
prox: ASIS
distal: medial surface of proximal tibia (via pes anserinus)
flex hip and knee
femoral nerve
quad attachments, action, nerve supply
rectus femoris: ASIS, patella, extend knee (and weak flex of hip), femoral nerve
vastus lateralis, intermedius, medius: shaft of femur, patella, extension of knee, femoral nerve
muscles of quad
rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, intermedius, medius
what is a knee jerk?
deep tendon reflex by striking the patellar ligament with a tendon hammer to suggest a sudden stretch in quad
positive test: good function, nerve supply, spinal cord connection
muscles of medial thigh are referred to as
adductor group
muscles of medial thigh
gracilis, adductor brevis, longus, and magnus
adductor Magnus has 2 parts…
adductor and hamstring
what is the gracilis muscle?
most medial, thin strap muscle, only muscle to cross the knee joint in addition to the hip join (weak flexor of knee) inserts into superomedial aspect of the tibia
proximal attachments of adductor brevis and longus and magnus
pubis, ischiopubic rams or ischial tuberosity (hamstring part of adductor magnus)
distal attachments of adductors
posterior surface of the shaft of femur along the lines aspera, or the adductor tubercle of femur (hamstring)
muscles in medial thigh are innervated by
obturator nerve (L2-4) except for hamstring part : tibial nerve
obturator nerve artery and vein enter medial thigh via
obturator foramen of hip bone
divides into anterior and posterior branches at upper border of adductor brevis
anterior: between adductor longus anteriorly and brevis posteriorly
sensory innervation of thigh
anterior cutaneous nerve - branch of femoral nerve (L2-4)
lateral cutaneous nerve- branch of lumbosacral plexus (L2-3)
cutaneous branch of obturator nerve (L2-4)
lymph drainage tends to follow
venous drainage
superficial structures follows great and small saphenous veins
lymph following great saphenous vein drains into
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
lymph from superficial inguinal nodes drains into
external iliac nodes and some to deep inguinal nodes
lymph following small saphenous vein drains into
popliteal lymph nodes in popliteal fossa
lymph from popliteal nodes drains into
deep inguinal nodes
deep nodes drain into
external iliac nodes
ALL LYMPH IN LOWER LIMB EVENTUALLY DRAINS INTO EXTERNAL ILIAC NODES
