femoral triangle, medial and anterior thigh Flashcards

1
Q

what is the femoral triangle bordered by?

A

inguinal ligament superiorly, satoris laterally and adductor long’s medially

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2
Q

the floor of the femoral triangle is formed by?

A

iliopsoas laterally, and pectineus medially

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3
Q

what does the femoral triangle contain?

A

(iliopsoas) femoral nerve, artery, vein, and canal (pectinous)

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4
Q

significance of canal in femoral triangle?

A

contains deep inguinal lymph nodes and is the location of femoral hernia formation

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5
Q

what are the femoral artery and vein enveloped by?

A

a sheath: short tube of transversals and iliopsoas fascia from abdominal wall

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6
Q

femoral nerve formed in what?

A

L2, L3, L4, formed in the lumbar plexus

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7
Q

saphenous nerve branches from femoral nerve?

A

sensory, leave the adductor canal distally by passing between satoris and gracilis (medial compartment)

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8
Q

what does saphenous nerve supply?

A

fascia and skin of anteromedial aspects of knee and leg and medial aspect of foot where it accompanies the great saphenous vein

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9
Q

how does a femoral hernia happen?

A

increased abdominal pressure results in peritoneum herniating into canal

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10
Q

what is the femoral canal?

A

canal that only contains the deep inguinal lymph nodes and adipose tissue, forms most medial part of femoral sheath
deep inguinal lymph nodes run in a chain in the femoral canal media to femoral vein

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11
Q

what supplies blood to the head of the femur?

A

medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries through their reticular branches, which pass superiorly in relation to the femoral neck and capsule of the hip joint

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12
Q

how are medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries named?

A

according to the aspect of the profound femoris artery from which they emerge

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13
Q

how do you find femoral vein and nerve?

A

femoral pulse!!

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14
Q

the inguinal ligament is the inferior border of the…

A

external oblique aponeurosis, which is the flattened tendon of the most superficial of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles

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15
Q

where does the inguinal ligament run ?

A

between the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the pubic tubercle, and forms a “gutter”
the medial half of the gutter contains the inguinal canal, which contains spermatic cord or round ligament

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16
Q

deep femoral artery aka

A

profunda femoris

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17
Q

what happens in the retroinguinal space?

A

femoral vessels, femoral nerve, and the iliopsoas muscle enter/leave the lower limb by passing deep to the inguinal ligament

18
Q

medial circumflex femoral artery provides

A

the majority of the blood supply to the head and neck of the femur, fractures are in danger of severing this artery, if it is not corrected it can lead to AVN of the femoral head

19
Q

why are femoral hernias strangulated?

A

lack of flexibility of surrounding tissues often

20
Q

muscles of the anterior thigh mainly act to…

A

flex hip and extend knee

21
Q

iliopsoas attachments, action, nerve supply

A

proximal: iliac fossa (iliac) and lumbar transverse processes/IV discs (posts major)
distal: lesser trochanter of femur
flex hip
anterior rami of lumbar spinal nerves

22
Q

satorius attachments, action, nerve supply

A

prox: ASIS
distal: medial surface of proximal tibia (via pes anserinus)
flex hip and knee
femoral nerve

23
Q

quad attachments, action, nerve supply

A

rectus femoris: ASIS, patella, extend knee (and weak flex of hip), femoral nerve
vastus lateralis, intermedius, medius: shaft of femur, patella, extension of knee, femoral nerve

24
Q

muscles of quad

A

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, intermedius, medius

25
Q

what is a knee jerk?

A

deep tendon reflex by striking the patellar ligament with a tendon hammer to suggest a sudden stretch in quad
positive test: good function, nerve supply, spinal cord connection

26
Q

muscles of medial thigh are referred to as

A

adductor group

27
Q

muscles of medial thigh

A

gracilis, adductor brevis, longus, and magnus

28
Q

adductor Magnus has 2 parts…

A

adductor and hamstring

29
Q

what is the gracilis muscle?

A

most medial, thin strap muscle, only muscle to cross the knee joint in addition to the hip join (weak flexor of knee) inserts into superomedial aspect of the tibia

30
Q

proximal attachments of adductor brevis and longus and magnus

A

pubis, ischiopubic rams or ischial tuberosity (hamstring part of adductor magnus)

31
Q

distal attachments of adductors

A

posterior surface of the shaft of femur along the lines aspera, or the adductor tubercle of femur (hamstring)

32
Q

muscles in medial thigh are innervated by

A

obturator nerve (L2-4) except for hamstring part : tibial nerve

33
Q

obturator nerve artery and vein enter medial thigh via

A

obturator foramen of hip bone
divides into anterior and posterior branches at upper border of adductor brevis
anterior: between adductor longus anteriorly and brevis posteriorly

34
Q

sensory innervation of thigh

A

anterior cutaneous nerve - branch of femoral nerve (L2-4)
lateral cutaneous nerve- branch of lumbosacral plexus (L2-3)
cutaneous branch of obturator nerve (L2-4)

35
Q

lymph drainage tends to follow

A

venous drainage

superficial structures follows great and small saphenous veins

36
Q

lymph following great saphenous vein drains into

A

superficial inguinal lymph nodes

37
Q

lymph from superficial inguinal nodes drains into

A

external iliac nodes and some to deep inguinal nodes

38
Q

lymph following small saphenous vein drains into

A

popliteal lymph nodes in popliteal fossa

39
Q

lymph from popliteal nodes drains into

A

deep inguinal nodes

40
Q

deep nodes drain into

A

external iliac nodes

ALL LYMPH IN LOWER LIMB EVENTUALLY DRAINS INTO EXTERNAL ILIAC NODES