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anatomy > gluteal region > Flashcards

gluteal region Flashcards

1
Q

where does the gluteal region lie?

A

between the back and posterior thigh and is posterior to the pelvis
bounded superiorly by the iliac crests and inferiorly by the gluteal fold/sulcus

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2
Q

what marks the lateral extend of gluteal region

A

greater trochanter or femur

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3
Q

3 gluteal muscles

A

gluteus maximus, medius, minimus

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4
Q

most superficial gluteal muscle

A

gluteus maximus

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5
Q

gluteus maximus and attachments

A

largest, attaches to iliac crest, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament and coccyx proximally and distally onto iliotibial tract (some fibres attach distally to gluteal tuberosity of femur)

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6
Q

what helps define the gluteal fold

A

gluteus maximus and supercial fascia overlying it

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7
Q

most powerful extensor of the hip

A

gluteus maximus

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8
Q

gluteus medius and minimus both attach to

A

external/posterior/gluteal aspect of plum and the anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur

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9
Q

gluteus medius and minimus do what?

A

abduct and medially rotate the thigh and hip joint

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10
Q

nerve supply to gluteus medius and minimus

A

superior gluteal nerve (spinal nerve root values L5, S1 and 2); damage to these can resent in the sign “Trendelenburg”

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11
Q

what is the inferior neuromuscular bundle?

A

contains inferior gluteal artery, vein, and nerve (spinal nerve root L5, S1 and 2) and supplies gluteus maximus, located deep to this muscle

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12
Q

superior gluteal neuromuscular bundle?

A

contains superior artery, vein, and nerve and supplies the gluteus medius and minimus muscles
located deep to gluteus medius

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13
Q

what lies deep to the gluteal muscles?

A

the lateral rotators of the hip (including piriformis)
these small muscles are arranged in strips running approximately transversely from medial to lateral between the sacrum, ilium, and ischial spine and tuberosity medially and mainly greater trochanter of femur laterally

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14
Q

lateral rotators of the hip action?

A

external rotation of the lower limb at the hip joint, although they also play a role in stabilizing the head of the femur in acetabulum

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15
Q

what is the iliotibial tract?

A

thickening of the deep fascia of the thigh (fascia lata)

runs from ASIS to lateral aspect of lateral tibial condyle at Gerdy tubercle

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16
Q

iliotibial tract supports…

A

the knee joint

17
Q

what is the tensor fascia lata

A

muscular part of fascia lata, enclosed within the proximal portion of the tract

18
Q

sciatic nerve?

A

L4-S3, forms the sacral plexus of the pelvis and emerges into the middle of the gluteal region then descends and leaves the region to enter the posterior compartment of the thigh

19
Q

sciatic nerve branches path…

A

descend though popliteal fossa and posterior and lateral compartments of the leg into the foot

20
Q

largest nerve in the body? how is it usually affected?

A

sciatic nerve, lumbar slipped discs (sciatica)

21
Q

how does piriformis cause sciatica?

A

hypertrophy or tightness of the muscle which may compress the sciatic nerve

22
Q

pudenal nerve?

A

S2-4, forms sacral plexus within the pelvis, emerges into the middle of the gluteal region and supplies the muscles, skin + fascia of much of the perineum

23
Q

posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

A

(PCNT- posteriorr femoral cutaneous nerve: S1-3) forms in sacral plexus, emerges into middle of gluteal region and supplies the skin over the posterior aspect of the thigh
somatic nerve - sensory and sympathetic

24
Q

reason for a lumbar puncture

A

conditions affecting brain, spinal cord, or other parts of the nervous system
pressure measurements are recorded and CSF is taken from subarachnoid space

25
Q

how does lumbar puncture work

A

patient on left side and knees to chin. iliac crests identified, L3/4, spinal fluid between

26
Q

what does insertion at this point for lumbar puncture avoid?

A

injury to the terminal part of the spinal cord (L1/2) - conus medullaris

27
Q

gluteus medius attachments, nerve supply, action

A

prox: external ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines
distal: lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur
nerve: superior gluteal
action: abduct and medially rotate thigh

28
Q

gluteus minimus attachments, nerve, action

A

prox: external ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines
distal: superior surface of greater trochanter
nerve: superior gluteal
action: abduct and medially rotate thigh

29
Q

piriformis attach, nerve, action

A

prox: anterior surface of sacrum
distal: superior surface of greater trochanter
nerve: anterior rams of S1/2
action: laterally rotate and extend thigh and abducts flexed thigh

30
Q

superior and inferior gemelli attach, nerve, action

A

prox: sup-ischial spine inf- ischial tuberosity
distal: trochanteric fossa
nerve: sup- nerve to obturator internus, inf- quad femoris
action: same as piriformis

31
Q

obturator internus attach, nerve, action

A

prox: internal surface of obturator membrane
distal: trochanteric fossa
nerve: nerve to obturator internus
action: same as piriformis

32
Q

quadrates femoris attach, nerve, action

A

prox: ischial tuberosity
distal: intertrochanteric crest (quad tubercle)
nerve: nerve to quad femoris
action: lateral rotate thigh

33
Q

sciatic nerve course and action

A

enters gluteal region through infra-piriform foramen and deep to gluteus maximus, supplies nothing in gluteal region but supplies posterior compartment of thigh and all of leg

34
Q

posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

A

enters gluteal region through infra-piriform foramen, medial to sciatic nerve, supplies skin of inferior half of butt and skin of posterior thigh and popliteal fossa

35
Q

inferior gluteal nerve

A

enters gluteal region through infra-piriform foramen, divides into many branches before piercing the gluteus maximus, supplies gluteus maximus

36
Q

nerve to quadrates femoris

A

enters gluteal region through the infra-piriform foramen, deep to sciatic nerve, supplies hip joint, inferior femellus and quad femoris

37
Q

nerve to obturator internus

A

enters gluteal region through infra-piriform foramen, posterior to sacrospinous ligament to enter pelvis through lesser sciatic foramen, supplies superior gemellus and obturator internus

38
Q

pudenal nerve

A

enters gluteal region through infra-piriform foramen, posterior to sacrospinous ligament to enter pelvis through lesser sciatic forament, supplies perineum

anatomy (10 decks)

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