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MSK 2 > knee and ankle > Flashcards

knee and ankle Flashcards

1
Q

bones of the knee joint

A

distal femur, proximal tibia, and patella

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2
Q

What is the largest joint in the body?

A

the knee

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3
Q

What does the patella articulate with?

A

the femur

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4
Q

What type of joint is the knee?

A

modified hinge joint

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5
Q

What movements does the knee do?

A

flexion, extension, medial rotation, lateral rotation, gliding

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6
Q

What are menisci?

A

articular discs made of fibrocartilage

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7
Q

What do the menisci cover?

A

periphery of the tibial articular surface

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8
Q

Where does the medial meniscus sit?

A

on top of the medial tibial condyle

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9
Q

What is the shape of the medial meniscus?

A

C

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10
Q

What is the medial meniscus attached to?

A

synovial membrane, fibrous capsule, and tibial collateral ligaments of the knee

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11
Q

What does the lateral meniscus set on top of?

A

lateral tibial condyle

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12
Q

What is the shape of the lateral meniscus?

A

circular

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13
Q

What is the lateral meniscus attached to?

A

medially to the interarticular area, peripherally to synovial membrane, popliteus muscle, and capsule of the knee joint

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14
Q

Where is the popliteus muscle?

A

between the lateral meniscus and the fibular collateral ligament of the knee

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15
Q

What is the function of the menisci?

A

adapt the articular surfaces to each other as the femoral condyles move and lubrication of the articular surfaces

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16
Q

What is the fibrous capsule of the knee attached to?

A

posteriorly - above the margins of the femoral condyles and margin of the intercondylar fossa
posterior margins of the tibial condyles and the intracondylar area
anteriorly - articular margins of the condyles

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17
Q

What is the fibrous capsule of the knee strengthened by posteriorly?

A

oblique popliteal ligament (extension of semimembranosus tendon), popliteus muscle, and gastrocnemius muscle origin

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18
Q

What reinforces the fibrous capsule of the knee anteriorly?

A

patella and extensions of vasti muscles by ligamentum patellae

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19
Q

What is the fibrous capsule of the knee strengthened by medially?

A

semitendonosus, semimembranosus, sartorius, gracillis muscles and tibial collateral ligament

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20
Q

What is the fibrous capsule of the knee strengthened by laterally?

A

iliotibial tract, biceps femoris tendon, and fibial collateral ligament

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21
Q

tibial collateral ligament

A

broad flat band attached to the medial femoral epicondyle and the shaft of the tibia, and medial meniscus

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22
Q

fibial collateral ligament

A

stout cord attached to the medial epicondyle and head of the fibula

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23
Q

What do the collateral ligaments do?

A

resist abnormal side-to-side (tilting) movements

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24
Q

cruciate ligaments function

A

hold the femur and tibia together

25
Q

Where are the cruciate ligaments located?

A

within the fibrous capsule, but outside the synovial membrane

26
Q

Where is the anterior cruciate ligament attached?

A

anterior part of the intercondylar area of the tibia to the medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle

27
Q

What way does the anterior cruciate ligament run?

A

up, back and laterally (UBL)

28
Q

function of ACL

A

prevents backward displacement of the femur and hyperextension of the leg

29
Q

What is the posterior cruciate ligament attached to?

A

posterior intercondylar area of tibia to lateral surface of the medial femoral condyle

30
Q

What way does the PCL run?

A

up, forward, and medially (UFM)

31
Q

What is the function of the PCL?

A

prevents forward displacement of the femur

32
Q

What is stronger: ACL or PCL?

A

PCL

33
Q

What does the synovial membrane of the knee line?

A

fibrous joint capsule

34
Q

Where does the synovial membrane of the knee extend above the patella?

A

deep to the quadriceps tendon to become the supra-patellar (quadraceps) bursa

35
Q

What is the supra-patellar (quadraceps) bursa necessary for?

A

flexion

36
Q

What is the synovial membrane attached to?

A

periphery of the patella

37
Q

What is the blood supply of the knee?

A

branches from the femoral, deep femoral, popliteal, and anterior tibial arteries

38
Q

What muscles produce knee flexion? what is it limited by?

A

hamstrings - limited by bulk tissue

39
Q

What muscles produce knee extension? limited by?

A

quadraceps femoris

limited by tension of ACL, fibular and tibial collateral ligaments, oblique popliteal ligament

40
Q

“screw-home movement” or “locking”

A

medial rotation of the femur on tibia at the end of extension

41
Q

What muscle unlocks the knee by lateral rotation of the femur on the tibia?

A

popliteus muscle

42
Q

How are the menisci torn?

A

abnormal twisting or rotation of the knee in the semi-flexed or flexed position

43
Q

Which meniscus is more frequently torn?

A

medial meniscus

44
Q

What happens when the medial meniscus is torn?

A

torn fragment is displaced and interferes with extension, pain and swelling of joint

45
Q

How can the cruciate ligaments be torn?

A

severe hyperextension or in adduction or abduction strain

46
Q

What does a torn collateral ligament result in?

A

excessive rotation and some abnormal abduction and adduction

47
Q

What type of joint is the ankle joint?

A

synovial hinge joint

48
Q

What movements is the ankle joint capable of?

A

dorsiflexion (extension) and plantarflexion (flexion)

49
Q

Where does inversion and eversion of the foot occur?

A

intertarsal joints

50
Q

What are the bony parts of the ankle joint?

A

lower surface of the tibia, lateral surface of the medial malleolus, medial surface of the lateral malleolus, talus

51
Q

What sides of the articular capsule of the ankle are weaker?

A

anterior and posterior

52
Q

medial (deltoid) ligament

A

from medial malleolus to body of talus, sustentaculum tali, neck of talus, spring ligament, and tuberosity of navicular bone from posterior to anterior

53
Q

lateral ligament (of ankle)

A

stretches from the lateral malleolus to the talus and calcaneus

54
Q

nerve supply of the ankle

A

saphenous branch of femoral nerve, tibial, and deep fibular nerves

55
Q

blood supply of ankle

A

fibular and posterior tibular arteries

56
Q

What is the most frequent ankle injury?

A

postural strain

57
Q

symptoms of postural strain of ankle

A

tenderness in the regions of the medial and lateral ligaments

58
Q

ankle sprain

A

fibers of ligaments are ruptured, but remains intact

59
Q

most frequent location for fracture in the ankle

A

medial and lateral malleoli

MSK 2 (15 decks)

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