knee

Question 1

what is the role of the medial collateral ligament (MCL)?

Answer 1

1. prevent valgus stress (along with ACL)
2. resists external rotation of tibia
3. resists hyperextension

Question 2

what are the attachment points of the MCL?

Answer 2

the medial femoral and tibial condyles

Question 3

what are the attachment points of the LCL?

Answer 3

the lateral femoral condyle and the styloid process of fibula

Question 4

what is the role of the lateral collateral ligament (LCL)?

Answer 4

prevent Varus stress

Question 5

what are the attachment points of the ACL?

Answer 5

tibial intercondylar area and medial area of lateral condyle of femur

Question 6

what are the movements of the ACL?

Answer 6

length constant between 120-60 degrees flexion but tightens in 60 extension
can only lengthen by 8% before rupture

Question 7

what is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament?

Answer 7

1. control rotation-pivoting
2. resists anterior glide of tibia on the femur
3. resists lateral rotation of the femur on the tibia
4. resists valgus/Varus forces with collateral ligaments

Question 8

what are the points of attachment of the PCL?

Answer 8

posterior edge of the tibia and the medial femoral condyle

Question 9

what is the function of the posterior cruciate ligament?

Answer 9

1. prevents posterior glide of tibia on the femur
2. helps prevent hyperextension
3. resists excessive medial rotation of the tibia

Question 10

what is avascular necrosis of the knee?

Answer 10

cut of blood supply to knee bone cells

causes bone death and collapse

also causes loss of cartilage

Question 11

what is a baker’s cyst?

Answer 11

fluid filled sac forms on posterior surface of knee joint

caused by arthritis or cartilage tear

Question 12

What are the signs/symptoms of a meniscus tear?

Answer 12

Pain and tenderness over medial joint line

History of locking- giving way

Unable to fully extend knee

Swelling

Question 13

What are the meniscus damage tests?

Answer 13

Apley

Thessaly

Mcmurray