Knee

Question 1

1. General Inspection

Answer 1

Walking aids
Specialist shoes 
Signs of pain 
Body habitus
Systemically well

Question 2

2. Look

Answer 2

General comment on walking, willingness to weight bear
Gait 
Alignment/deformity
Skin changes 
Wasting
Swelling

Question 3

3. Gait

Answer 3

Antalgic
Thrusting
Foot drop

Question 4

4. Alignment/deformity

Answer 4

Varus/Valgus
Fixed flexion deformity
Hyperextension

Question 5

5. Skin changes

Answer 5

Scars (arthroscopy, knee replacement)
Erythema
Bruising
Nodules

Question 6

6. Wasting

Answer 6

Quadriceps

Gastrocnemius

Question 7

7. Swelling

Answer 7

Effusion
Baker’s cyst
Inflammation
Bursitis

Question 8

8. Feel

Answer 8

Temperature
Effusions
Landmarks

Question 9

9. Effusions

Answer 9

Patella Tap Test- effusion tap/bounce

Bulge/sweep test- effusion visible medially

Question 10

10. Landmarks

Answer 10

Quadriceps tendon
Patella margins
Patella tendon
Tibial tubercle
Joint lines
Collateral ligaments
Tenderness of hamstring p
Swelling behind knee

Question 11

11. Move

Answer 11

Flexion

• active, knee to bottom
• passive gently repeat if restricted or painful

(Hyper)extension

• active, push knee into bed
• passive, fix above knee, lift at ankle

Question 12

12. Special Tests

Answer 12

Cruciate Ligament
-posterior sag
Draw test - push (PCL), pull (ACL)

Collateral Ligament - knee flexed, fix joint above knee, push/pull ankle in opposite direction

Question 13

13. Joint above

Answer 13

Hip - internal rotation

Question 14

14. Neurovascular

Answer 14

Dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial
Common peroneal - toes towards you, top of foot
Tibial - plantar flexion, bottom of foot