Knee

Question 1

What are the facets of patella?

Answer 1

Superior 90 degree
Inferior 20
medial and lateral 45
odds 135

Question 2

distinct pop may indicate

Answer 2

an anterior cruciate ligament tear or osteochondral fracture or popliteus tendons snapping (laterally)

Question 3

acceleration and twisting injury may involve? Deceleration injuries involve? Constant speed cutting?

Answer 3

Acceleration: meniscus
Deceleration: cruciate
Constant: ACL

Question 4

Anterior knee pain

Answer 4

Tend to be insidious and occurs spontaneously often from overuse
Patellofemoral problems (prepatellar, infrapatellar bursa, fat pad, tendinosis, osgood-shlatter

Question 5

Pain during activity

Answer 5

usually seen in structural abnormalities, such as subluxation or patellar tracking disorders

Question 6

Pain after activity or with overuse

Answer 6

characteristic of inflammatory disorders such as synovial plica irritation, early tendinosis, paratenonitis, jumper’s knee, sinding-Larsen-Johnsson syndrome

Question 7

Generalized pain in the area of the knee

Answer 7

contusions, partial tears of muscles or ligaments

Question 8

pain in the knee on ankle movements may indicates

Answer 8

the superior tibiofibular joint

Question 9

give way?

Answer 9

instability in the knee, meniscus, patellar subluxation, undisplaced osteochondritis, patellofemoral syndrome, plica, loose body

Question 10

give way when walking uphill or downhill

Answer 10

retropatellar lesion

Question 11

knee locked?

Answer 11

Psudo: Loose bodies
Locking: meniscus
or spasm (hamstring mm)

Question 12

Synovial swelling may occur how many hours? Blood?

Answer 12

8-24 hours

Hemarthrosis immediately

Question 13

shoes with negative heels (earth shoes)

Answer 13

Increase the incidence of patellofemoral syndrome

Question 14

normal tibiofemoral shaft angle

Answer 14

6 degree

Question 15

Miserable malalignment syndrome

Answer 15

anterior pelvic tilt, increase hip anteversion, decreased tibiofemoral angle, genu recurvatum, navicular drop and increased foot pronation

Question 16

intracapsular swelling is evident over

Answer 16

entire joint

Question 17

extracapsular swelling tends to be more…

Answer 17

localized

Question 18

patella alta what sign may be present?

Answer 18

camel sign

if laterally displaced “frog eyes” or “grasshopper eyes”

Question 19

Fick angle

Answer 19

5 in baby

18 in adults

Question 20

Tight hamstrings result in increased knee flexion, which can lead to the need for more….

Answer 20

ankle dorsiflexion, if no further dorsiflexion is possible, the foot pronates to compensate, increasing dynamic q angle

Question 21

patella normal tracking is from

Answer 21

medially in early flexion then laterally

Question 22

what is quadriceps lag?

Answer 22

when quad is not strong enough to fully extend the knee.

Question 23

passive lateral glide test positive

Answer 23

if movement of more than two quadrants is considered hyper mobile

Question 24

disco test

Answer 24

patient stands on one leg with the knee flexed 10-20. Patient is asked to rotate or twist left and right while holding the flexed position. Apprehension during the test or refusal to do the test is positive for rotatry instability.

Question 25

what is Merke’s sign?

Answer 25

during Disco test, Pain felt on the joint line it may indicate meniscus pathology

Question 26

anterior cruciate ligament extends…

to check….

Answer 26

superiorly posteriorly, and laterally
To prevent anterior movement of the tibia on the femur, to check lateral rotation of the tibia in flexion, and to a lesser extent, to check extension and hyperextension at the knee

Question 27

posterior cruciate ligament extends…

Check….

Answer 27

extends superiorly, anteriorly, and medially from tibia to the femur
Check primary stabilizer of the knee against posterior movement of the tibia on the femur, and it checks extension, and hyperextension and rotary stability and functions as the knee’s central axis of rotation

Question 28

with lateral rotation of the tibia, both collateral ligaments become more…
cruciate ligaments become more….

Answer 28

Collateral: taut
Cruciate: relaxed

Medial rotation, reverse action occurs

Question 29

what is dynamic ligament to help stabilize knee

Answer 29

Popliteus in controlling rotation of the tibia on the femur by contributing to lateral rotation stability

Question 30

Oblique popliteal ligament is expansion of what tendon? and what does it do?

Answer 30

Semiembranosus

Preventing hyperextension of the knee

Question 31

swain test

Answer 31

patient seated, with knee flexed to 90, passively laterally rotates the tibia on the femur. Positive is pain along the medial side of the joint, indicating injury to the medial collateral ligament complex,

Question 32

with knee flexed to 90, cruciates are….

collateral ligaments are ….

Answer 32

Cruciates: lax

Collateral ligaments are tight

Question 33

active drawer test

Answer 33

AKA quadriceps active test
normal drawer test position. Examiner holds the patient’s foot down. Patient is asked to try to straighten the leg, and the examiner prevents patients from doing so. (isometric test). If cruciates are torn, the anterior contour of the knee changes as the tibia is drawn forward. If posterior cruciate ligament is torn, a posterior sag is evident before the patient contracts the quads.

Question 34

Lachman test is also known as

Answer 34

Ritchie, Trillat, or Lachman-Trillat test

Question 35

Posterior sag sign is also known as

Answer 35

Gravity drawer test. Hip flexed 45, Knee flexed 90

Question 36

There is audible snap or palpable jerk during anterior drawer test

Answer 36

Finochietto jumping sign

Question 37

Ege’s test

Answer 37

Weight bearing McMurry’s test for menisus, standing position knee rotates

Question 38

what mimics meniscus pathology?

Answer 38

abnormal plica

Question 39

What is brush stroke test called

Answer 39

bulge test or wipe test to assess minimal effusion

+ accumulates inferior medial knee

Question 40

Turner’s sign

Answer 40

medial meniscus lesion leads to irritation of the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve, resulting hyperaesthetic area the size of quarter on the medial side of the knee

Question 41

common peroneal nerve lesion

Answer 41

L4-S2 injured in posteolateral knee and it winds around the head of the fibula.it can be stretched as a result of lateral ankle sprain. Result is weakness or paralysis of muscles supplied by the deep and superficial peroneal nerves, two branches of the common peroneal nerve. Instability to dorsiflex (foot drop) and steppage gait and instability to evert. Dorsal side sensory loss especially between big toe and 2nd toe

Question 42

saphnous nerve

Answer 42

L2-L4 sensory branch of the femoral nerve that arises near the inguinal ligament and passes down the leg to supply the skin on the medial side of the knee and calf. entrapped between vastus medialis and adductor magnus mm. Entrappement lead to medial knee pain (burning) that is aggravated by walking standing and quad exercises. Sensory loss after surgery is medial knee and calf.

Question 43

posterolateral corner of the knee is called

Posteromedial corner of the knee is called

Answer 43

Lateral: popliteus corner
Medial: Semimenbranosus corner

Question 44

what patella improves the efficiency of?

Answer 44

Extension during the last 30 degree of extension because it holds the quadriceps tendon away from the axis of movement and functions as a guide for the quad or patellar tendon decreases friction of the quads

Question 45

sesamoid bone is found in where and what is called

Answer 45

tendon of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius mm, called febella