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Movement Sci Final! > Knee > Flashcards

Knee Flashcards

1
Q

The Tibia’s medial plateau is longer than the lateral in the ________ direction

A

anterior/posterior

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2
Q

How much of a slope is on the tibial plateau?

A

7-10 degrees posterior

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3
Q

The normal tibiofemoral angle is….

A

180-185 degrees

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4
Q

Genu valgum of the knee is anything over what degree?

A

185 degrees

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5
Q

genu varum of the knee is anything under….

A

175 degrees

note: the angle is measured medially

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6
Q

Genu valgum has _____ forces laterally and ______ forces medially

A

compressive forces laterally

tensile forces medially

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7
Q

Genu Varum has ______ forces medially and __________ forces laterally

A

compressive forces medially

tensile forces laterally

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8
Q

The line of weightbearing forces through the knee should shift ______ during single leg stance

A

medially

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

Which meniscus is C shaped?

A

medial

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11
Q

Which meniscus is four-fifths of a circle shaped

A

Lateral

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12
Q

Which meniscus covers more tibial surface (larger)

A

lateral

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13
Q

Mensicus are thicker ______

A

peripherally

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14
Q

Which mensicus is more restricted

A

medial

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15
Q

Which mensicus attaches to the popliteus muscle?

A

Lateral

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16
Q

What meniscus attaches to the semimembranosus muscle?

A

medial

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17
Q

Which meniscus attaches to the ACL, PCL, and MCL

A

Medial

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18
Q

Which meniscus attaches indirectly to the ACL and PCL

A

Lateral

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19
Q

which meniscus has more motion?

A

lateral

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20
Q

What part of the mensicus is well vascularized?

A

Horns and peripheral portion (good healing potential)

note: central portion relies on synovial fluid to deliver nutrients (poor healing potential)

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21
Q

What is the close packed position of the knee?

A

full extension

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22
Q

Both the ACL and PCL are ______capsular and _____synovial

A

intracapsular

extrasynovial

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23
Q

Which Plica is found less often in people (not alwys present), but is often a source of pain (plica syndrome)

A

medial plica (25-30% of knees)

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24
Q

What is the thickest band in the medial retinaculum?

A

Medial patellofemoral ligament

note: clinically important stabilizer to keep patela in femoral sulcus

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25
Q

The lateral patellofemorall ligament connects _____ to the lateral patella

A

ITB

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26
Q

The medial knee joint capsule blends with the ______

the lateral portion blends with the _____

The posterior joint capsule blends with the arcuate and posterior oblique ligaments

A

MCL

ITB

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27
Q

Knee varus is ______ of the tibia

knee valgus is ______ of the tibia

A

Adduction

Abduction

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28
Q

What ligament is the primary restraint to excessive valgus and medial tibial rotation

A

MCL

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29
Q

Other functions of MCL include….

A

Taut in extension, plays key role in flexion

secondary role to preventing anterior translation of femur on tibia

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30
Q

Which ligament is the primary restrain to varus stress and limits excessive lateral rotation

A

LCL

note: also helps prevent posterio-lateral rotary instability (PLRI)

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31
Q

T or F: both MCL and LCL are taut in extension but also play role in flexion

A

True

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32
Q

The MCL goes from the femur to the ______

The LCL goes from the femur to the ______

A

MCL- tibia plateau

LCL - fibular head

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33
Q

The ACL extends from the ______ aspect of the lateral femoral condyle to the ___________ of the medial tibial spine

A

Postero-medial (aspect of lateral femoral condyle)

Anterio-lateral (aspect of medial tibia)

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34
Q

The ACL runs in what direction?

A

Inferior

Medial

Anterior

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35
Q

Which bundle of the ACL is most taut near full extension?

A

Posterolateral bundle (note this means that the PLB resists hyper ext)

note: anterio-medial bundle becomes taut beyond 15 degree knee flexion

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36
Q

The ACL becomes tight with knee _______, and medial, and lateral rotation

A

Flexion

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37
Q

The ________ bundle of the ACL becomes taut in flexion

the _____ bundle of the ACL becomes taut in extension

A

Anteromedial

Posterolateral

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38
Q

Most ACL injuries occur in what position?

A

Knee slightly flexed, valgus position combined with anterior tibial translation

39
Q

What muscles act to translate the tibia anteriorly relative to the femur

A

Quad and gastroc

40
Q

What muscles act to translate the tibia posteriorly on the femur

A

hamstring and soleus

note: soleus can only resist if foot is on the ground

41
Q

co-contraction of hamstring and _______ allows the hamstring to counteract the anterior translation imposed by the quadricep

A

quadricep

42
Q

How big is the PCL compared to the ACL?

A

120-150% greater cross sectional area

43
Q

The posteromedial bundle of the PCL is taut in __________

A

near full extension

44
Q

the anteriolateral bundle of the PCL is taut in ______________

A

80-90 degrees of knee flexion

45
Q

The PM bundle of the PCL is taut in _______

The AM bundle of the PCL is taut in __________

A

extension

flexion

46
Q

The PCL runs from the ______ femoral condyle to the ________ tibial surface between posterior horns of both meniscus

A

medial

posterior

47
Q

What muscles share the same role as the PCL?

A

Popliteus and Quad

48
Q

The posterior oblique ligament of the knee is taut in ________ and it resists both varus and valgus

A

extension

49
Q

What is PLRI (Posteriolateral rotational instability)

A

Damage at LCL, popliteus, arcuate ligament, and popliteofibular ligament

50
Q

The IT band attaches to the ______

It covers what 2 muscles?

it increases ________ stability

A

gerdy’s tubercle

TFL and Gluteus Maximus

Lateral stability

51
Q

What bursa are inside of the joint capsule (inside the synovium)?

A

Supra-patellar

sub-popliteal

gastrocnemius bursae

Note:Pre-patellar, infrapatellar, and deep infra patellar fat pad are **extrasynovial
**

\

52
Q

During closed flexion, the femur rolls ______ and glides _______

A

Posteriorly

Anteriorly

Note: convex on concave movement

53
Q

During open chain knee flexion, the tibia rolls _______ and glides __________

A

Posteriorly, posteriorly

Note: concave on convex movement

54
Q

Walking requires ______ of knee flexion

stairs require:

Sit->stand requires:

A

60-70

80

90+

55
Q

Tightness in plantarflexors may present as __________ in standing

A

genu recurvatum

56
Q

In prone, knee flexion may be limited by passive insufficiency of the ___________

A

rectus femoris

57
Q

closed chain knee flexion causes the ______ to become tight

closed chain knee extension causes the _______ to become tight

A

ACL (note: why ACL is always damaged with partial flexion)

PCL

58
Q

The meniscus deform _______ with flexion

the meniscus deform ________ with extension

A

Posterior

Anterior

Note: menisci deform to steer roll/glide, assisted by semimem and popliteus

59
Q

Which side of the knee joint has more rotation, lateral or medial?

A

Lateral

60
Q

Medial rotation causes deformation of the ______ meniscus on the posterior side

Medial rotation causes deformation of the ______ mensicus anteriorly

A

medial meniscus

lateral meniscus

61
Q

In what position is there very little tibial rotation at the knee

A

full ext

62
Q

Varus and valgus of the knee are tested in what two positions?

A

Full ext usually 8 degrees of movement

30 degrees of flexion 13-20 degrees normal

63
Q

Terminal knee extension is accompanied by _____ rotation (open chain) of the tibia

A

Lateral rotation (note: screw home mechanism)

63
Q

From full extension, flexion requires unlocking the knee with _________ rotation of the tibia in open chain, or ________ rotation of the femur in closed chain

A

Medial rotation

Lateral rotation

63
Q

Flexion of the knee occurs with slight ________

whereas extension of the knee occurs with slight ___________

A

Varus

Valgus

64
Q

In closed chain knee extension, the femur rotates __________ to lock the knee

A

medial rotation

65
Q

to unlock the knee in open chain, the tibia rotates _______

A

medially

note: done by popliteus

66
Q

Popliteus only _____ the knee

A

UNLOCKS

it doesn’t lock

67
Q

the sartorius and gracilis can do ___ rotation of the knee

A

medial

(Basically everything medially rotates except for the biceps femoris which laterally rotates)

68
Q

The medial group of hamstrings produce ______ moments

the lateral group of hamstrings produce _____ moments

A

Varus

Valgus

69
Q

T or F: Glute max and soleus have no influence of knee extension in weight bearing

A

F

Glute max and soleus contribute to knee ext in weight bearing

70
Q

The patella increases the torque of the quads how?

A

lengthens movement arm away from joint line

note: MA is maximal at 45-60 of flexion
MA is decreased in full extension (Postion of extension lag)

71
Q

The quads are typically ________ as strong as the hamstrings

A

twice

72
Q

In full ext, gravity passes _____ to the knee creating a _____ moment

A

anterior

extension moment

73
Q

In open chain, quads generate more torque as the knee approaches __________

In closed chain, quads generate more torque as the knee is in ______

A

full ext

More flexion

(Think of the hardest part of a squat vs the hardest part of a leg extension)

74
Q

In closed chain, the quad generates more force as the knee ________ to control increasing movement arm

A

flexes

75
Q

Open chain knee extension produces ________ tibial shear force

Close chain knee ext produces ________ tibial shear force

A

anterior

posterior

76
Q

Which of the following does not limit anterior tibial translation:

ACL

ITB

Popliteus

Hamstrings

Soleus

Glute Max

A

Popliteus

77
Q

Which of the following does not limit posterior tibial translation

PCL

MCL

Quads

Soleus

Popliteus

Gastroc heads

A

Soleus

78
Q

The MCL limits knee _______ whereas the LCL limits knee __________

A

Valgus

Varus

79
Q

Patella alta vs patella baja

A

alta- high patella

baja - low patella

80
Q

During flexion the patella glides ________

during extension the patella glides __________

A

Inferior

Superior

81
Q

The patella shifts ______ (medial/lateral) in extension and ____________ in flexion

A

Lateral

Medial

Note: This is why the patella often gets displaced laterally on some people when they extend their knee forcefully

82
Q

How many motions can the patella do?

A

Tilt

Shift

Rotate

83
Q

What is the loose pakced position of the patello-femoral joint?

A

Extension

Flexion is the closepacked position

84
Q

From 30-70 degrees of flexion the forces of the patellofemoral joint are dissipated by the ____ facet

beyond 90 degrees the _____ facet and odd facets are compressed

A

Medial

Lateral

84
Q

Physiological valgus of tibia/femur causes patella to be pulled ___________ by the quad tendon

A

laterally

85
Q

Patellofemoral joint stress w/ walking vs running?

A

Walking 25-50% of bodyweight

running- 5-6x bodyweight

85
Q

Patella is more likely to dislocate in what direction?

A

Lateral

Note: all of the following can result in lateral patellar forces

weak vmo

tight ITB

genu valgum

femoral anteversion

lateral tibial torsion

foot pronation

stretched medial structures

86
Q

A Q angle of _______ could result in excessive lateral forces on the patella

an increased Q angle will present as genu __________

A

Over 20

genu valgum

Note: 10-15 normal

87
Q

3 criteria for Patellofemoral pain exercises

A

Pain free range

may need to avoid last 30 degrees of ext in non-weight bearing exercises

may need to avoid deep squats in weight bearing exercises

88
Q

What muscles increase shear on PCL?

A

Hamstring and Gastroc

89
Q

The arcuate ligament of the knee is taut in _______ and it resists varus/ valgus and __________

A

The arcuate ligament of the knee is taut in Extension and it resists varus/ valgus and rotation

Movement Sci Final! (7 decks)

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