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Movement Sci Final! > Gait > Flashcards

Gait Flashcards

1
Q

What gait phases are double limb?

A

IC

LR

PSw

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2
Q

What gait phases are single limb?

A

MSt

Tst

ISw

MSw

TSw

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3
Q

How much hip extension is required for gait?

How much hip flexion?

A

20 ext

30 flx

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4
Q

How much knee flex/ext is required for normal gait

A

0-60

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5
Q

How much plantar and dorisflexion is required for gait?

A

10 DF

20 PF

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6
Q

Moment definition

A

rotation around an axis

external vs internal

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7
Q

Power generation is accomplished with muscles ______

Power absorption is accomplished with muscles ______

A

shortening, concentric

Lengthening, eccentric

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8
Q

During gait, the center of pressure starts ___________ on the heel, and moves _______ onto the ball of the foot

A

Posterio-lateral

anterio-medial

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9
Q

The center of pressure is over the ______ during pre-swing

A

First and second toes

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10
Q

What are the internal moments at the hip, knee, and ankle during initial contact?

A

Hip Ext, Knee Flexion, Ankle DF

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11
Q

What are the interal moments at the hip, knee, and ankle during loading response?

A

Hip Ext, Knee EXT, Ankle DF

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12
Q

What are the interal moments at the hip, knee, and ankle during midstance?

A

Hip FLX, Knee FLX, Ankle PF

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13
Q

What are the interal moments at the hip, knee, and ankle during terminal stance?

A

Hip FLX, Knee FLX, Ankle PF

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14
Q

What are the interal moments at the hip, knee, and ankle during preswing?

A

Hip FLX, Knee EXT, Ankle PF

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15
Q

What are the 3 external forces in gait

A

Intertia

Gravity

Ground Reaction Force

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16
Q

The goal of gait training is to

A

teach patient to use as little energy as possible

32% oxygen consumption in healthy 20-30y/o

48% oxygen consumption in 75y/o or person with medical condition

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17
Q

T or F, limbs contribute more to total energy during walking than head and trunk

A

True

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18
Q

At the initial contact -> loading response phase, where is the fulcrum/rocker?

A

Fulrum/rocker at the heel

The calcaneous moves from inversion to eversion

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19
Q

During loading response to terminal stance, what structure is the fulcrum/rocker?

A

ankle fulcrum

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20
Q

During terminal stance, where is the rocker/fulcrum?

A

leg rotates over forefoot

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21
Q

During pre-swing, what is the rocker/fulcrum?

A

Leg rotates over toes

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22
Q

How does the rocker/fulcrum of the foot move throughout gait?

A

Heel -> ankle -> forefoot -> toes

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23
Q

Trunk stays erect during free speed walking

slight trunk ________ at initial contact

slight trunk __________ during single leg stance

A

flexion

extension

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24
Q

During gait, the adductor moment of the head+arm+trunk is counteracted by __________

A

abductors

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25
Q

What kind of movement occurs in the sagittal plane during gait?

A

sinusoidal pattern up and down 4-5cm with eachstep

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26
Q

Where is the low point of the sinusoidal pattern

A

low at initial contact

high at mid-stance

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27
Q

What kind of motion occurs in the frontal plane during gait

A

pelvic side to side motion of 4-5cm and a 5 degree pelvic drop with trunk lean 5cm

28
Q

what kind of motion occurs in the transverse plane during gait

A

pelvic rotation 4-8 degrees with opposite trunk rotation

29
Q

During gait

Frontal plane motion:

Saggital plane motion:

Transverse plane motion:

A

Saggital: Sinusoidal pattern

Frontal: Pelvic side to side Motion

Transverse: Pelvic rotation w/ trunk rotation

30
Q

During what part of gait is the erector spinae most active?

NOTE: I think this will be a test Q because of how much Dr. Dice mentioned it.

A

LOADING RESPONSE

31
Q

How much shoulder and elbow flx is normal during gait?

A

Shoulder ROM: 30 degrees total ( 6 flx 24 ext)

elbow rom: 20-45

32
Q

UE muscle activity and movement is ____________

A

primarily driven by gravity and highly variable

33
Q

During stair gait, greater _______ activation is necessary

torque at the knee is _____ greater for ascent vs descent

A

quad

x3

34
Q

How is intial contact on stairs different than on ground?

A

Anterior to posterior foot

level ground: Posterior to anterior foot

35
Q

What stage of stair gait is most knee flexion needed?

A

foot clearance

36
Q

what stage of stair gait is most hip flexion needed?

A

foot placement

37
Q

What are the 5 stages of stair gait

A

weight acceptance

pull up

foward continuance

foot clearance

foot placement

38
Q

What are the 3 stages of running gait?

A

Stance

Float

Swing

39
Q

During running gait, most torque generated is at the ______ during impact

A

Knee

note: Ground reaction force at center of pressure is over 200% of BW

40
Q

What are the primary muscle groups used for running

A

Hip extensors

Quadriceps

Gastroc/Soleus

41
Q

During running you need increased ________________ in lower extremity

A

joint ROM

42
Q

Neuro changes seen by age 90: Brain Mass, Muscle atrophy

A

decreased brain mass 10-20%, 1% muscle loss per year in healthy adults

estimated 20-40% loss of maximal strength by age 65

atrophy of slow twitch fibers w/ inactivity

overall diminished functional reserve

43
Q

Gait speed declines _____________ per decade

A

12-16%

Decreased strike/step length

More time w/ doublelimb support 30% instead of 18%

deceased dorsiflexion

44
Q

Older patients gait will have a wider ____________

_____ toe clearance during swing phase

_____ trunk flexion during gait

and difficulty with obstacle avoidance

A

Base of support

Less

Foward

45
Q

Abnormal elderly gait includes

______ in gait measures

Gait Variability

________ to change gait speed/direction

postural sway that requires ________

inability to ________ while walking

A

Asymmetry

Inability

External Support

Multitask

46
Q

Community functional benchmarks:

Gait speed: ____

Distance ______

curb height ______

A

4ft/sec

> 300m

Curb height >8in

47
Q

Gait using a rolling walker might lead to slower speed: ________

smaller step length

and ________ stance time/ ______ swing time

A

1.5 f/s (instead of 4 ft per second)

Increased stance time/ Decreased swing time

Note: Pattern becomes more apparent the longer an individual uses a RW

48
Q

Foward lean during gait might be due to:

____ hip flexors

a compensation for _______ quads (Increased plantarflexion)

or ______ visual cues for __________ propriocepton

Or assistive devices

A

Tight hip flexors

Compensate for weak quads

Increased visual cues for decreased proprioception

Note: Shifts LOG in front of Knee and Ankle

49
Q

Backward lean in gait might be due to

Weak _______during weight acceptance and Single Limb Support

or weak ___________ during single leg advancement

A

Hip Extensors (Leaning back takes the hip extensors out of the movement when supporting weight)

Hip flexors ( Leaning back assists the weak hip flexors to swing the leg foward)

50
Q

Lateral lean of the trunk during gait might be due to

weak hip ____________ or hip pain during weight acceptance or single limb support

or a __________ stance limb

Or a use of an assistive device

A

Abductors

Short Stance Limb

51
Q

Gait deviations: Trunk rotations

One example of a deviation is that trunk moves w/ pelvis due to decreased disassociation

Use of assistive device

Rotation of the trunk backwards during gait can compensate for ______ plantarflexion

Rotation of the trunk foward during gait can help to _____________

A

Compensate for increased plantarflexion

Rotation Foward to advance limb

52
Q

Pelvic deviations during gait: A hike can be used to ________ the swinging limb using _____ quadratus lumborum

A

Clear swinging limb

using ipsilateral quadratus lumborum

53
Q

Pelvic deviation: Vault is simular to hike with an addition of _______

A

Plantarflexion

54
Q

Anterior Pelvic Tilt might be due to _______ hip extensors

______ Abdominals

and _____ hip flexors

A

Weak hip extensors

Weak Abdominals

Tight Hip Flexors

55
Q

Posterior Pelvic tilt during gait might be due to _____ hip flexors

______ hip extensors

_____ hamstrings

shifts the Line of gravity ___________

A

Hip Flexor weakness

hip extensor weakness

tight HS

Shifts LOG posteriorly

56
Q

Pelvic deviations: if you’re lacking rotation foward or backward it can be due to ____________

A

Back Pain

Decreased step length

potential surgical fusion

57
Q

Excessive foward pelvic rotation can be due to ____________

Excessive backward pelvic rotation can be due to ___________–

A

Compensation to help advance limb

Weak Calf, No heel Off (During terminal Stance)
Or Excessive hip flexion (During single limb support)

58
Q

Pelvic drop during gait is likley to lead to ________

and can be due to weak ___________

A

Back pain during stance

Weak calf (Ipisilateral during single limb support)

Or scoliosis

59
Q

Hip drop due to a shorter LE will appear as _______ during single leg advancement and ______________ during single limb support

A

Ipsilateral to single limb advancement

Contralateral to single limb support (trendelenberg)

60
Q

Weak hip abductors lead to a __________ hip drop during single limb support

Adductor spasticity will lead to an ____________ drop in single limb advancement

Adductor spasticity will lead to a ___________ drop in single limb support

A

Contralateral

Ipsilateral

Contralateral

61
Q

Past retract gait

voluntary excessive hip flexion and it’s release in order to __________

A

rapidly extend a flaccid knee using inertia

62
Q

Decreased hip flexion during gait might be due to

Hip flexor _______

hamstring _____________-

hip pain

compensation for Hip Extensor weakness

or a result of foot drag

A

Hip Flexor Weakness

Hamstring spasticity

63
Q

During initial swing decreased ________ reduces step length

A

Hip Flexion

Limited hip flexion may also limit knee flexion during swing

64
Q

Decreased hip flexion due to gait is most impactful during ________, clearance of the LE needed

A

Most impactful durng Midswing

65
Q

.

A

Movement Sci Final! (7 decks)

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