Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Functional Anatomy body parts > Knee > Flashcards

Knee Flashcards

1
Q

Knee joint

A

Links 2 largest bones in the body

largest and one of most complex joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

joint

A

femur

patella (kneecap)

tibia

fibula

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

functions

A

support body weight

transmit forces between femur and tibia

provide movement for movement and activity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

stability

A

has to absorb the body weight and take impacts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

mobility

A

allows freely moving actions flexion and extension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

tibiofemoral joint

A

synovial joint

between femoral condyles and tibial articular surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

femoral concyles

A

at the distal end of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

tibia condyles

A

at proximal end of tibia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

medial articular surface

A

larger and more oval

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

lateral articular surface

A

smaller and circular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

function of menisci located at joints

A

increase congruence between articular surfaces

assist weight bearing across joint

shock absorbers

facilitate accessory movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

4 major ligaments of the knee

A

medial collateral ligament

lateral collateral ligament

anterior cruciate ligament

posterior cruciate ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Medial collateral ligament (MCL)

A

broad flat band, 10cm long

extra-capsular

prevent valgus displacement- prevent adduction of a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

A

extra-capsular

a strong cord

prevents varus displacement- prevent abduction of a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

A

intra-capsular

from anterior intercondylar area of tibia to lateral femoral condyle

prevents anterior tibial displacement- knee moving forwards away from joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Posterior Cruciate ligament (PCL)

A

intra-capsular

posterior intercondyar area of tibia to medial femoral condyle

prevents posterior tibial displacement- knee moving backwards from joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

patellofemoral joint

A

synovial saddle joint

between
articular surface of patella
and
patellar surface of femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

patella

A

largest sesamoid bone in body

embedded in tendon of quadriceps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

patella function

A

an anatomic pulley

reduces friction between quadriceps tendon and femoral condyles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

patella (articular surface)

A

oval shaped, cartilage covered

vertical ridge separates medial and lateral areas

lateral area larger

medial area samller

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

femoral condyles- patellar surface of femur

A

cartilage-covered surface which articulates with patella

23
Q

PFJ (inferior view)

A

patella ridge articulates with groove of patellar surface

24
Q

patella movements

A

moves distally in flexion

moves proximally in extension

25
Q

shared features between the joints

A
26
Q

joint capsule

A

reinforced by ligaments and tendons when complete

27
Q

bursae

A

fluid- filled sacs

reduce friction

13-15 in knee area

28
Q

a bi-axial joint

A

tibiofemoral joint is bi-axial

movements occur in 2 planes/ around 2 axis

29
Q

movements

A
  1. flexion and extension around horizontal axis in sagittal plane
  2. medial and lateral rotation around vertical axis in transverse plane
30
Q

flexion and extension ROM

A

140 degrees flexion

0 degrees extension

31
Q

medial and lateral tibial rotation

A

at 90 degrees flexion

25 degrees medial rotation

40 degrees lateral rotation

32
Q

close packed position- knee locking mechanism

A

close-packed position of knee is full extension

no rotation possible in this position

33
Q

knee locking mechanism

A

There is the observable rotation of a knee during flexion as well as extension.
The rotation is important for the healthy motion of a knee.
During the last 30 degrees of the knee extension, a tibia (open chain) or even femur (closed chain) must externally or internally rotate, respectively, about 10 degrees.
This slight rotation is owing to the inequality of an articular surface of the femur condyles.
Rotation must happen to achieve full extension & then flexion from full extension.

34
Q

knee flexors

A

Biceps femoris,

semimembanosus,

semitendinosus,

sartorius,

gracilis

35
Q

bicep femoris (flexor)

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity, linea aspera, and lateral supracondylar line.

Insertion: Head of fibula.

Action: Flexes and laterally rotates leg at knee joint; extends thigh at hip joint.

Innervation: Tibial (L5-S2) and common fibular (L5-S2) divisions of sciatic nerve.

36
Q

semimembranosus (flexors)

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity.

Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia.

Action: Flexes and medially rotates leg at knee joint; extends thigh at hip joint.

Innervation: Tibial division of sciatic nerve

37
Q

semitendinosus

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity.

Insertion: Medial aspect of proximal part of tibia.

Action: Flexes and medially rotates leg at knee joint; extends thigh at hip joint.

Innervation: Tibial division of sciatic nerve

38
Q

sartorius

A

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine.

Insertion: Medial aspect of proximal part of tibia.

Action: Flexes and medially rotates leg at knee joint; assists in flexion, abduction and lateral rotation of thigh at hip joint.

Innervation: Femoral nerve

39
Q

gracilis

A

Origin: Body of pubis and inferior pubic ramus.

Insertion: Medial aspect of proximal part of tibia.

Action: Flexes and medially rotates leg at knee joint; assists in adduction of thigh at hip joint.

Innervation: Obturator nerve

40
Q

knee extensors

A

Rectus femoris,

vastus lateralis,

vastus medialis,

vastus intermedius,

tensor fascia latae

41
Q

Rectus femoris

A

Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine and supraacetabular groove of ilium.

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity, via tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle and patellar ligament.

Action: Extends leg at knee joint; flexes thigh at hip joint.

Innervation: Femoral nerve

42
Q

vastus lateralis

A

Origin: Intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, gluteal tuberosity, and lateral lip of linea aspera of femur.

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity, via tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle and patellar ligament; lateral border of patella.

Action: Extends leg at knee joint.

Innervation: Femoral nerve

43
Q

vastus medialis

A

Origin: Medial part of the intertrochanteric line and medial to the spiral line and linea aspera of the femur, extending inferiorly to the medial supracondylar line.

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity, via tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle and patellar ligament, and medial border of patella.

Action: Extends leg at knee joint.

Innervation: Femoral nerve

44
Q

vastus intermedius

A

Origin: Anterior and lateral surfaces of body of femur.

Insertion: Tibial tuberosity, via tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle and patellar ligament.

Action: Extends leg at knee joint.

Innervation: Femoral nerve

45
Q

tensor fascia latae

A

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine and anterior one third of outer lip of iliac crest.

Insertion: Tubercle of iliotibial tract on the tibia, via iliotibial tract.

Action: Assists in medial rotation, abduction, and flexion of thigh at hip joint.

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve

46
Q

Popliteus- rotates the femur on a fixed tibia unlocking the knee in extention

A

Popliteus-

Origin: Groove for popliteus muscle.

Insertion: Posterior surface of tibia, superior to soleal line.

Action: Medially rotates leg at knee joint; “unlocks” knee joint at beginning of knee flexion.

Innervation: Tibial nerve

47
Q

medial rotators

A

Semimembranosus,

semitendinosus,

sartorius,

gracilis

48
Q

Semimembranosus

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity.

Insertion: Medial condyle of tibia.

Action: Flexes and medially rotates leg at knee joint; extends thigh at hip joint.

Innervation: Tibial division of sciatic nerve

49
Q

semitendinosus

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity.

Insertion: Medial aspect of proximal part of tibia.

Action: Flexes and medially rotates leg at knee joint; extends thigh at hip joint.

Innervation: Tibial division of sciatic nerve

50
Q

sartorius

A

Origin: Anterior superior iliac spine.

Insertion: Medial aspect of proximal part of tibia.

Action: Flexes and medially rotates leg at knee joint; assists in flexion, abduction and lateral rotation of thigh at hip joint.

Innervation: Femoral nerve

51
Q

Gracilis

A

Origin: Body of pubis and inferior pubic ramus.

Insertion: Medial aspect of proximal part of tibia.

Action: Flexes and medially rotates leg at knee joint; assists in adduction of thigh at hip joint.

Innervation: Obturator nerve

52
Q

lateral rotators

A

bicep femoris-
When the knee is semiflexed, the biceps femoris acts to produce external rotation of the leg at the knee12. The long head of the biceps femoris is a weaker knee flexor when the hip is extended and a weaker hip extender when the knee is flexed2. In consequence of its oblique direction, the biceps femoris rotates the leg slightly outward when the knee is semi-flexed

53
Q

bicep femoris

A

Origin: Ischial tuberosity, linea aspera, and lateral supracondylar line.

Insertion: Head of fibula.

Action: Flexes and laterally rotates leg at knee joint; extends thigh at hip joint.

Innervation: Tibial (L5-S2) and common fibular (L5-S2) divisions of sciatic nerve.

Functional Anatomy body parts (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions