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Functional Anatomy body parts > Elbow > Flashcards

Elbow Flashcards

1
Q

Elbow

A

title

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2
Q

Rotator cuff revision

A
  • Supraspinatus
  • Abduction
  • Subscapularis
  • Medial rotation
  • Infraspinatus
  • Lateral rotation
  • Teres minor
  • Lateral rotation
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3
Q

Arthrokinematics of the glenohumeral joint

A

For Abduction/Adduction and
medial/lateral rotation
* Roll in the direction of the
movement
* Slide in the opposite direction
For pure flexion/extension
* Spin around the axis
perpendicular to the joint

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4
Q

Control of arthrokinematics

A

The rotator cuff’s main role is to
provide the fine tuning of the
GHJ movement to keep the
humeral head centrally located in
the glenoid fossa

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5
Q

Force couple during elevation

A

So as we raise our arm up into
abduction…
* Deltoid’s pull is upwards, helping
the roll but superiorly displacing
the humeral head
* Supraspinatus’ pull is medial,
helping the roll but without
superior displacement
* Subscapularis, infraspinatus and
teres minor’s pulls are
inferomedial, creating the slide to
prevent the superior displacement

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6
Q

Joints of elbow and forearm

A

Movements distributed across
four joints
* Humeroulnar joint
* Humeroradial joint
* Proximal radioulnar joint
* Distal radioulnar joint
Therefore can be stable in a wide
range of positions

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7
Q

Elbow joint complex

A

Humeroulnar joint
* Between Trochlea of humerus
and Trochlear notch of ulnar
* Hinge joint
Humeroradial joint
* Between Capitulum of
humerus and Fovea of radius
* Pivot joint – a bit like a mini
ball & socket

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8
Q

CRAzy TULips

A

Capitulum – RAdius
Trochlea - ULnar

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9
Q

Radioulnar joints

A

Both pivot joints that allow the
radius to rotate around the ulnar for
supination and pronation
Proximal = Radial head and radial
notch of the ulna
Distal = Ulnar head and ulnar notch
of the radius

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10
Q

Forearm action of elbow flexors

A

Biceps is an elbow flexor and
forearm supinator due to
it’s insertion on the radius

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11
Q

Levers at the elbow

A

quiz

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12
Q

Tricep kickbacks
Open or closed chain?
What class of lever?

A

open

3rd class lever

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13
Q

Tricep dips
Open or closed chain?
What class of lever

A

closed

1st class lever

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14
Q

whats are the palpable bony landmarks of the elbow

A

Medial epicondyle - medial projection of the humerus. Lateral epicondyle - lateral projection of the humerus. Radial head - trace the lateral arm distally to proximally, palpating where the radial head articulates with the humerus.

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15
Q

Describe the articulating surface of the humerus

A

Modified condyle
The articular part of the humerus is a modified condyle and is wider transversely. It articulates with both the ulna and radius and consists of a medial trochlea and a lateral capitulum, which are separated by a faint groove.

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16
Q

describe the articulating surface of the ulna

A

The articular surface of the ulna is involved in the proximal radioulnar joint and the distal radio-ulnar joint.
The articular surface of the proximal radioulnar joint is formed by the head of radius and the radial fossa of ulna, both of which are lined with hyaline cartilage.

The head of ulna has a convex articular surface on its lateral side to articulate with the ulnar notch of radius.

The ulna also has a wrench-shaped trochlear notch that articulates with the trochlea of the humerus.

17
Q

describe the articulating surface of the radius

A

The radius is a bone in the forearm that articulates with the humerus, the ulna, and the carpal bones.

The proximal end of the radius has a head that articulates with the capitulum of the humerus at the elbow joint, and with the radial notch of the ulna at the proximal radioulnar joint.
The distal end of the radius articulates with the carpal bones at the wrist joint, which is a condyloid-type synovial joint.

18
Q

elbow and radioulnar joints

A

The elbow joint is classified structurally as a synovial joint. It is also classified structurally as a compound joint, as there are two articulations in the joint. Synovial joints, also called diarthroses, are free movable joints. The articular surfaces of the bones at these joints are separated from each other by a layer of hyaline cartilage. Smooth movement at these joints is provided by a highly viscous synovial fluid, which acts as a lubricant.

A fibrous capsule encloses the joint, and is lined internally by a synovial membrane. Synovial joints can be further categorized based on function. The elbow joint is functionally a hinge joint, allowing movement in only one plane (uniaxial).

19
Q

ligaments providing stability to the elbow joint

A

two collateral ligaments: the medial collateral ligament (MCL, also known as ulnar collateral ligament, or UCL) and the lateral collateral ligament (LCL).

Annular Ligament of radius

radial collateral ligament

ulnar collateral ligament

Quadrate ligament

20
Q

Flexion and Extension

A

heading

21
Q

Flexors

A

Biceps brachii,
brachialis
brachioradialis

22
Q

biceps brachii

A

Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula and apex of coracoid process of scapula.

Insertion: Radial tuberosity and antebrachial fascia.

Action: Supinates forearm; flexes forearm at elbow joint, most effectively when the forearm is supinated.

Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6).

23
Q

brachialis

A

Origin: Anterior aspect of distal half of humerus.

Insertion: Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna.

Action: Flexes forearm at elbow joint.

Innervation: Musculocutaneous (C5-C6) and radial (C7) nerves.

24
Q

brachioradialis

A

Origin: Superior two thirds of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus.

Insertion: Lateral aspect of distal part of radius.

Action: Flexes forearm at elbow joint.

Innervation: Radial nerve (C5-C6).

25
Q

extension

A

Triceps brachii,
anconeus

26
Q

triceps brachii

A

Origin: Posterior surface of humerus and infraglenoid tubercle of scapula.

Insertion: Olecranon process of ulna and adjacent antebrachial fascia.

Action: Extends forearm at elbow joint.

Innervation: Radial nerve (C6-C8).

27
Q

anconeus

A

Origin: Posterior aspect of lateral epicondyle of humerus.

Insertion: Olecranon; proximal end of body of ulna.

Action: Extends forearm at elbow joint.

Innervation: Radial nerve (C7-C8).

28
Q

supination and pronation

A

heading

29
Q

pronation of the forearm

A

Pronator quadratus,
pronator teres

30
Q

pronator quadratus

A

Origin: Anterior aspect of distal one quarter of ulna.

Insertion: Anterior aspect of distal one quarter of radius.

Action: Pronates forearm at radioulnar joints.

Innervation: Anterior antebrachial interosseous nerve (C7-C8).

31
Q

pronator teres

A

Origin: Medial supracondylar ridge of humerus, via the common flexor tendon, and medial aspect of coronoid process of ulna.

Insertion: Middle one third of anterolateral aspect of radius.

Action: Pronates forearm at radioulnar joints.

Innervation: Median nerve (C6-C7)

32
Q

supination of forearm

A

Biceps brachii,
supinator

33
Q

biceps brachii

A

Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle of scapula and apex of coracoid process of scapula.

Insertion: Radial tuberosity and antebrachial fascia.

Action: Supinates forearm; flexes forearm at elbow joint, most effectively when the forearm is supinated.

Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5-C6).

34
Q

supinator

A

Origin: Lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest and supinator fossa of ulna.

Insertion: Anterior, lateral, and posterior aspects of proximal one third of radius.

Action: Supinates forearm at radioulnar joints.

Innervation: Posterior antebrachial interosseous nerve (C6-C7)

35
Q

Describe the movement of pronation and supination and explain of forearms and how it is created

A

These movements occur at the radioulnar joints, which are joints formed by the radius and ulna bones in the forearm.

Pronation:

Definition: Pronation refers to the movement where the palm of the hand faces posteriorly or downward. In anatomical terms, it involves the rotation of the radius over the ulna, causing the palm to turn facing downward or toward the posterior side of the body.
Execution: During pronation, the radius rotates across the ulna, causing the hand and palm to turn inwards. Simultaneously, the ulna and radius may cross each other.

Supination:

Definition: Supination is the opposite movement to pronation. It involves the rotation of the radius and ulna bones so that the palm faces anteriorly or upward. In anatomical terms, it’s the rotation of the radius back to its parallel position with the ulna.
Execution: During supination, the radius and ulna untwist, and the hand and palm turn outwards. The bones return to a parallel position

36
Q
A

Functional Anatomy body parts (7 decks)

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